The Significance of the Gracchi - 1582 Words

The Significance of the Gracchi When Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus sought to establish the liberty of the common people and expose the crimes of the oligarchs, the guilty nobles took fright and opposed their proceedings by every means at their disposal - Cicero. The Gracchi brothers were clearly well intentioned men who had the interests of Rome at heart, instead of their own, which was a common attitude amongst the other senators. The reforms of the Gracchi were long over-due and their programs were genuine attempts to deal with Romes problems. During the Gracchis existence, Rome was facing a number of social, political and economic problems. They were frustrated with the conservatism and selfishness of the oligarchy and so adopted†¦show more content†¦There was a military crisis, with lack of eligible recruits for the legions, aggravated by the Spanish and Sicilian wars. There was tension in the oligarchy between leading factions (Claudii / Sempronii and the Scipios) as they struggled for political superio rity. And amongst all these problems was the failure of the ruling nobility within the senate to deal with these problems. In order to determine the significance of both Gracchi, one must examine both Tiberius and Gaius actions and the effects they had at the time. In 133, Tiberius Gracchus attempted to solve Romes problems, specifically the land crisis. He introduced the Lex Agraria, a bill for land reform, which proposed that a commission of three people should allocate small holdings of land owned by the state (ager publicus) to landless citizens. The bill was met with great controversy, however, it wasnt the content of the bill that provoked the reaction, rather the means with which it was proposed. As Stockton notes It ceased to be a struggle about the rights and wrongs of a particular land bill and became a fundamental question about the true nature of Roman politics. Tiberius met great opposition to the bill itself because the ruling Nobiles were those benefiting the most from the current situation. Therefore, Tiberius used his tribunate in an unprecedented manner, and in proposing his bill, bypas sed the senate going directly toShow MoreRelatedTiberius Sempronius Gracchus Essay1730 Words   |  7 Pagesits full extent. To a few of us here today, this is a solemn and most momentous occasion. Today I will be critically analysing and assessing the significance of three key areas which have been the crux of historical debate for centuries. Today I will be touching on Tiberius family background, education, and early career to 134BC, the aims and significance of Gracchus lex agraria and Gracchus political reforms and methods. Let me tell you about Gracchus background. Plutarch tells us a lot aboutRead MoreThe Gracchi Brothers Essay1792 Words   |  8 Pagescheck. The Gracchi brothers grew up during a time when the Roman Empire was still under civil unrest. The Roman people were divided, lands were unevenly distributed, the government was disorderly, patriotism ceased to exist, and slave labor made it harder for citizens to uproot themselves from poverty. Tiberius, the elder brother, was the first to bring up the agrarian laws, and was followed after his death by his younger brother, Gaius Gracchus. The brothers knew of the significance of winningRead MoreEssay ROME IN THE AUGUSTINIAN AGE1775 Words   |  8 Pagestaken when assessing this source as it is Octavian’s own account of what happened, and so is obviously extremely biased, aiming to portray himself and his achievements as he wanted them to be remembered. Regardless of the time period the significance of Octavians actions are c lear. He gave up his powers and returned absolute authority in the provinces as well as his control of the legions that were sanctioned there. (Antiquity 2 Interpreting The Past) This was significant as these legionsRead MoreThe Capitol And Administrative Center Of Darius Massive Empire2518 Words   |  11 PagesShane Holstien p.7 CH 7-12 TT Ch.7 terms 1. Medes pg. 160 A group of Indo-European language speaking people who migrated to Persia Significance- Not only did they show the Indo-European migrations, they set the foundation for the later great Achaemenid empire. 2. Persepolis pg. 162 The capitol and administrative center of Darius massive empire. Significance- The biggest city to exist at the time wit the most complex governing, city structure, and buildings of the era, a massive monument to DariusRead MoreRome in The Age of Augustus2208 Words   |  9 Pagesinformation from this source as it is Octavian’s own account of what happened, and so is obviously extremely biased, aiming to portray both himself and his achievements, in the way he wanted them to be remembered. Regardless of the time period, the significance of Octavians actions are clear. He gave up his powers and returned absolute authority in the provinces as well as his control of the legions that were sanctioned there. (Antiquity 2 Interpreting The Past) This was significant as these legionsRead More The Politics of Caesar Augustus Essays2631 Words   |  11 Pagesseriously and re-established religious rites and ceremonies that had been neglected. This relates to how he tried to restore respect for the senate by removing unworthy members and revitalis ing the governing body. Finally H. H. Scullard From the Gracchi To Nero tells us how in 27 BC Augustus met with the Senate on the 13th of January, and proceeded to renounce all his emergency powers, and give them back to the Senate and the people of Rome. He was then begged to take the position back, and becameRead MorePolitical Behaviour Impact to Leadership Excellence11497 Words   |  46 Pagesmission, be he conservative or radical in relation to the ideas of the existing political leaders. He therefore prospers on mass support and only belatedly receives adherents from among the established leaders. Such was the experience of men like the Gracchi of ancient Rome, Cola de Rienzi of medieval Rome, Savonarola of Renaissance Florence, St. Francis, Cromwell of the English Commonwealth, Robespierre of Revolutionary France, Napoleon I, Mussolini of Fascist Italy, Gandhi of India, and Hitler of Nazi

Cohabitation Is Defined As A Man And Woman Living

Abstract Cohabitation is defined as a man and woman living in the same household and having sexual relations while not being married. There is relatively little data on health outcomes for people who have cohabitated, although there is some evidence that cohabitating couples have lower incomes (15% of cohabitating men are jobless while 8% of married men are jobless) and there may be negative academic effects for children of cohabitating mothers (Jay, 2012). Cohabitation rates are highest among those who have never married with just over a quarter of people surveyed reporting cohabitation before their first marriage (Jay, 2012). Of these, half reported that they expected their cohabitation to end in marriage; about one quarter to one third of cohabitations end either in marriage or dissolution of the relationship within 3 years (Jay, 2012). Further, cohabitation rates are highest for those who have not completed college, accounting for all but 12% of men and women reporting that they are livi ng with their partners (Jay, 2012). Cohabitation and marriage are two significant decisions college students will make, but very little is known about what college students think about living together before marriage. Given the nearly 50% divorce rate in the United States (Jay, 2012), understanding how young adults view cohabitation as on option for life relationships needs further investigation. Beliefs about Living Together Before Marriage Research Paper Introduction:Show MoreRelatedEssay Cohabitation, Marriage, and Divorce1239 Words   |  5 Pages1.0 Introduction Cohabitation is and has been a norm in almost all societies in the world. It has been perceived as the stepping stone to marriage by the modern generation. In Whitman, (2003), cohabitation has grown so widely that there is one cohabiting couple out of 7 marriages in 2010 as compared to 1 out of 90 marriages in 1960. According to her, the attitude towards the whole of marriage institution has changed drastically over time. In the same article, currently in the US, of 3 single womenRead MoreCohabitation and Its Effect on Rise in Divorce Rate1117 Words   |  5 PagesEffect of Cohabitation on the Rising Divorce Rate The rise of the divorce rate seems to be due to the lack of commitment or understanding of love and longevity in a marriage. Cohabitation can be defined as an arrangement whereby two people decide to live together on a long term or permanent basis in an emotionally and /or sexually intimate relationship (Brannon 2008). Cohabitation is seen as the best way to understand a prospective mate in terms of living and financial stabilityRead MoreThe Vs. Mohammad Khan1615 Words   |  7 PagesIn the cases which were instituted prior to independence like A Dinohamy v. WL Blahamy the Privy Council laid down a broad rule stating that, â€Å"where a man and a women are proved to have lived together as a man and wife, the law will presume, unless the contrary be clearly proved, that they were living together in consequence of a valid marriage and not in a state of â€Å"concubinage† The same principle was reiterated in the case of Mohabhat Ali v. Mohammad Ibrahim Khan After independence, a notableRead MoreDivorce And Its Definition Of Marriage978 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage is ending often in divorce due to marrying young, the expectations placed on it, living together before marriage, and women’s independence. In this research paper, I will be discussing divorce and its definition. I will also discuss what sociologist theorists are saying regarding divorce in the research that I’ve read and reviewed. It is interesting to see how the reason for divorce continues to change but as society sees fit with their definition of marriage, divorce, and even whatRead MoreWhy Do Couples Move On Before Marriage?1331 Words   |  6 PagesWhy do couples move in before marriage? Cohabitation can be defined as when two people are in a committed relationship that decide to live together and play the role of a married couple but they are not legally married. When a couple has been together for a long time the relationship grows to become stronger and you get comfortable with your significant other, therefore couples tend to skip the step of marriage because they get use to the routine of being together that they decide to move in withoutRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Cohabitation Before Marriage1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Pros and Cons of Cohabitation before Marriage Introduction Social scientists have defined cohabitation as a situation where two adults, male and female live together in a relationship that is intimate and non-marital. The two make living arrangements without legal bounds to stay together before getting married. In most of the countries and in this case in the United States, cohabitation is a common feature among the American family life (Stokes Raley, n.d). It has become a typical pathway toRead MoreAnalysis Of Andrew J. Cherlin s American Marriage946 Words   |  4 Pageshow marriage in America is evolving from the universal marriage. Cherlin’s definition of the universal marriage in his essay is the man is the breadwinner of the household and the woman is the homemaker. In the 20th century according to Cherlin, the meaning of marriage has been altered such as the changing division of labor, childbearing outside of marriage, cohabitation, gay marriage and the result of long- term cultural and material trends (1154). During the fir st transition of marriage, Cherlin discussesRead MoreThe Decline Of The Nuclear Family1084 Words   |  5 Pagesbecame synonymous with the American dream philosophy in the mid-1940s. The nuclear family standard is rapidly on the decline in the United States. These declining number have a range of causes. The causes of the decline of the nuclear family are cohabitation, childfree couples, high divorces rates, and the introduction of LGBTQ families. The effects are increased self-fulfillment, serial monogamy, childhood psychological trauma and family diversity. Gay and lesbian marriages primarily cause the nuclearRead MoreMarriage and Cohabitation13809 Words   |  56 Pages 1.2 What is Cohabitation CHAPTER TWO – ORIGIN OF MARRIAGE 2.1 Types of Marriage 2.2 Justification of Marriage 2.3 Christian Perspective of Marriage 2.4 Advantages and dis-advantages of Marriage CHAPTER THREE – ORIGIN OF COHABITATION 3.1 Types of Cohabitation 3.2 Justification of Cohabitation 3.3 Christian perspective of Cohabitation 3.4 Advantages and dis- advantages of Cohabitation CHAPTER FOUR – MARRIAGE AND COHABITATION 4.1 Relationship between Marriage and Cohabitation 4.2 Comparison ofRead MoreDescribe Ways in Which Concept of Family Has Changed Across Cultures and over Time (Sociology)1442 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States, Canada and Northern Europe families has changed the most, now Nuclear families are dominating there, when in Asia Extended families still takes a greater number. In the richest places in the world numbers of same sex marriages, cohabitations, divorces significantly increasing, when in most less developed countries these things are forbidden and relatives still arrange their children marriages, or even force their children to get married to someone they want to. Everyone imagines

Exemplification Essay Free Essays

Exemplification Essay I once heard a story about a restaurant manager named Jerry. Jerry was the type of guy that always was in a good mood no matter what. He was a natural motivator. We will write a custom essay sample on Exemplification Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now When one of his employees would come in hating life he would be help them to look on the positive side of the situation. One of his other employees was curious, so one day he went up to Jerry and asked, â€Å"I don’t get it man, how can you be in a good positive mood all of the time. How do you do it? † Jerry replied, â€Å"Each morning I get up and I have a decision to make: to be in a good mood or to be in a bad mood. I choose to be in a good one. Every time something bad happens I can choose blame it on myself or I can choose to learn from the situation. † â€Å"It’s not that easy. † The employee protested. â€Å"Yeah it is. † Jerry said. â€Å"Life is all about the choices that you make and how you handle them, you choose to be in a good mood or to be in a bad mood. Bottom line: Attitude is everything. † The employee reflected on Jerry’s example. Later he left the restaurant business to start a business of his own. He lost touch with Jerry but would often use his teachings in his everyday choices in his life. A number of years later he heard that Jerry had left the back door open to his restaurant and he was robbed at gunpoint. While Jerry was opening the safe he was shaking and he slipped. One of the robbers, on edge, shot Jerry and they scurried away. Luckily, he wasn’t lying out for too long for an ambulance to come rush Jerry to the hospital; Jerry survived. Six months after the robbery the old employee met up with Jerry and had asked him about the incident. Jerry replied, â€Å"The Paramedics in the Ambulance were great. They kept on telling me that I was going to be fine until they handed me over to the doctors, that’s when I got worried. The doctors and the nurses eyes read that I was a dead man, not likely to survive. A nurse asked, â€Å"Do you have any allergies? †. I had a choice to make, to live or to die, to be in a good mood or a bad mood. â€Å"Yes† I replied to the nurse. The doctors stopped what they were doing waiting for my answer. â€Å"Bullets! † During their laughter they I told them â€Å"I’m not dead yet, make sure I don’t die. † Jerry lived by the outstanding skill of the doctors, but also due to his attitude. On July 19, 2011 my dad taught me the greatest lesson that I could ever be taught. Every year my paternal side of the family has a reunion in Capitol Reef National park, Southern Utah. My dad came up with the idea that we should leave a couple days earlier and ride our road bikes ahead of the rest of the family. Knowing me, he knew I was â€Å"in†. I just had had a friend move in with me because his family moved to Kentucky and he wanted to finish his senior year at our high school. He joined us on the ride. We started to do some training rides to get ready for the two hundred mile trek of which we were about to embark. July 19: woke up, ate a banana and oatmeal, got dressed in biking gear, took the first pedal and off we went. There were two different routes we could have taken: east of the lake or west of the lake. We chose to go west to avoid the traffic and the higher risk. When we reached the west side of the lake there was a head wind, so we started to draft off of each other. Every five minutes we would rotate who was in lead. It was my turn to lead, my dad following me, and my friend Kallen following him. Kallen’s headphones fell out of his ears and got wrapped up in his front wheels. While drafting he reached down to clear the remains of his headphones and his arm got sucked into the spokes which made him flip over the handle bars. I didn’t notice over the sound of my music that he had crashed but my dad did hear the accident and waved me down to go back. We frantically signaled a car down. A nice lady stepped out and offered to take Kallen to the hospital. My dad and I continued on our way. We reached the other side of the lake and I got a flat tire, which was my second for the day and I was already upset that we lost Kallen. We patched the flat and continued on our ride. Anger was just bottling up inside of me as we entered the next town. When we arrived we sat down to eat. It was about 3 o’clock and we still had seventy miles to go which added to my anger. After lunch we rode over to a park to use the public bathrooms. I take a short cut through a little dirt field. I used the restroom and hopped back on my bike to begin riding again and my tire was flat, again. â€Å"AHHH! †, I screamed. We went and sat on the grass to patch it. My attitude has not only has affected me, but has affected my dad too. â€Å"You better get in a better mood† he said†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦because you are acting like a little baby. You have a choice to make; be in a good mood or a bad one, because we are going to finish this ride whether you want to or not. † I was shocked. My dad had never talked to me like that before. I realized that attitude is everything. We rode into the dark that night till we reached one hundred and twenty miles and the next day we biked the remaining 80 and made it to Capitol Reef. July 19 is my birthday. It had to have been the worst but also the best birthday that I have ever had. Your attitude towards something can change your life. Whether it is as big as saving your life or as small as changing your mood such as finishing a biking trip with your dad. It will stick with you and make you a better person and a happy person. Bottom line: Attitude is Everything. How to cite Exemplification Essay, Essays Exemplification Essay Free Essays Cultural Misinterpretations A stereotype is a predisposed idea about a group of people based on limited information you have heard or seen and assumed to be true about every individual in that group. In â€Å"Don’t Call Me a Hot Tamale,† Judith Ortiz Cofer describes how being Puerto Rican affects her every day. People make rude comments about her, based on her ethnicity, and without knowing her. We will write a custom essay sample on Exemplification Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cofer describes how she was stereotyped in different situations. From being compared to a Latina character in a play to having her culture misinterpreted. She does not fight against this prevaricate ideas. Instead, she travels around the United States and reads from her books and poetry trying to clear stereotypes about Latinos. As Cofer describe â€Å"replace them with a more interesting set of realities† (Cofer 666). However, individuals are still being exaggerated categorized according to their culture. First, similar to how Cofer was compared to a character from the West Side Stories, popular Asian characters in movies also create stereotypes for Asian Americans. In Cofer’s essay she describes a man who walked up to her and sang the lyrics to a popular song from the West Side Story play. This image of a character from a play may be the only thing that this man can associate with the Latino culture. As she puts it, â€Å"†¦ to him, I was just a character in his universe of ‘others’ † (Cofer 666). A similar problem exists for Asian Americans in the United States. For example, most popular movies with Asian actors in Hollywood are Kung Fu performers and are usually playing a role as Kung Fu masters. For instance, Bruce Lee made many Kung Fu movies. Another famous Asian actor Jackie Chan was also in many action movies. Moreover, Kung Fu originated in Asia which makes people expect that all Asians must know Kung Fu. The image of a Kung Fu artist is assumed to be true for all Asian Americans resulting in a stereotype that all Asians know Kung Fu. Secondly, Cofers island culture was misinterpreted as a stereotype. Cofer describes that to beat the heat women usually dress with less clothing. However, people outside of that culture misinterpret that fashion as a way to attract attention. Similarly, there is a concept in Spain about a Siesta. A Siesta is a ten to twenty minute nap that is supposed to improve productivity. This cultural act has been characterized for all Latinos. Moreover, there is a common picture that shows an example of a sleeping Mexican on a cactus. This image, as well as the act of a Siesta has been overstated to stereotype that all Mexicans are lazy. However, if that were true I would not be writing this essay because I am Latino. Also, they are categorized as lazy individuals because they do not continue to obtain higher education. However, the reason Latinos cannot afford going to school because they do not have enough money. But others misjudged Latinos to be lazy even though they do not have the equalities as a citizen of the United States. In the end, the misinterpretation of culture is still at broad. For example, American culture creates such categories for all Asian Americans. For instance, the Asian American hiring in Hollywood has led to stereotypes that all Asians know Kung Fu. Everything seen on the media seems to also create stereotypes about Asians. Then, the cultural act of napping in Spain led to the stereotype that all Latinos are lazy. Island culture and fashion resulted in the label that all women are whores. Although these categories about people have reasons for existing, they are not true for all members of the group. It may be difficult to fight these stereotypes but we need get to know each other and prove that these stereotypes are just assumptions. Stereotypes create barriers for people to get to know each other. When someone relies on stereotypes they assume to know information about all members of that culture and never learn about the details of the individuals. How to cite Exemplification Essay, Essay examples

Impact of Human Rights Act

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Human Rights Act. Answer: The Human Rights Act 1998 was enacted by the British parliament in the year 1998 but actually was bought into force in the year 2000. The main purpose of the enactment was to introduce the rights provided by the European Convention on Human Rights into the English legal system. Making it simple the purpose of the act is to prevent any government body to operate in a manner contradictory to the provisions of the convention[1]. The provisions of the act can only be overridden if any other primary legislation contradicts with such provisions. It provides that the English courts must uses the decisions made by the European Court of Human rights and interpret legislations in such a way, which would establish compliance with the convention. In case where the judges find it, impossible to interpret the provisions of legislations according to the compatibility with the convention the judges must not override the provisions of the legislations but merely provide a declaration of incompatibili ty. Thus, the declaration seeks to maintain the parliamentary sovereignty by not altering the principles of the primary legislation. The HRA also provides individual a right to appeal and sue in the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. The Act since it has come to force has had a significant impact on the British legal system. It has changed the way in which legislations are interpreted by the judges. Although it is argued that, the Act seeks to promote Judicial Politicization in reality this statement is far from true. This paper discusses the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on the English legal system and whether it is increasing the risk of judicial politicization within the country or not. The paper also aims to discuss the benefits and detriments resulting out of the application of the act and its impact of the interpretation of statues[2]. The Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) was enforced on 2nd October, 2000 in United Kingdom. The Act was enacted with the sole objective to safeguard the rights incorporated in the European Convention on Human Rights and to provide further legal effect in the law of United Kingdom. Before the enactment of the HRA, the European Convention on Human Rights was not under any obligation to provide legal effect to the rights. The Convention was used as a part of the domestic law and it acted as a mean to interpret statutes[3]. The Parliament did not legislate against the rights laid down in the Convention. In Waddington v Miah [1974][4], it was held that while interpreting the ambiguity of any statutory provision, it was assumed that the Parliament should not pass any legislation, which shall be inconsistent with the international obligations including the human rights laid down in the Convention. However, prior to the enforcement of the HRA 1998, the citizens resorted to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) for safeguarding their human rights. The incorporation of the Act was viewed to be beneficial as it permitted the British Judges to manipulate the course of human rights in Strasbourg. The Act was purported to develop a culture of human rights in the nation. However, the Act failed to fulfill the purpose for which it was enacted. Instead of permitting, the UK Judges to manipulate the human rights direction or developing human rights culture in UK or internationally, the Act was largely criticized by the public[5]. One of the reasons the Act faced criticism was section 2 of the HRA 1998. Section 2(1) of the Act stated that in order to determine any question related to the rights in the Convention, the judgment, declaration, decision and the advisory opinion of the ECtHR must be taken into consideration to the extent that it is relevant to the legal proceedings from the question it has arisen. The public criticized the legislation, as it was apparent that the UK courts have to consider the Strasbourg law and not the ECtHR statutory interpretation of the Convention. The Parliament reassured that the provision under section 2(1) of the Act does not require the UK courts to consider the Strasbourgs decision but respect Strasbourg jurisprudence as was held by the House of Lords in Regina (Ullah) v Special Adjudicator [2004][6]. Secondly, Section 3 of the Act expressly stated that primary and subordinate legislation must be interpreted in a manner that is in consistent with the rights laid down in the Convention, as far as it is possible to do the same. The provision was criticized for the fact that HRA 1988 is a broad legislation and the provisions therein are not in detail form as compared to the other legal statutes. Consequently, the Judges had an extensive area to apply their discretion. Section 3 of the Act have restricted the courts power to interpret the statutes as they are to be construed only in the manner that is in compliance with the rights mentioned in the Convention as far as it is possible to do so. However, in realty, the Parliament has provided the judiciary sufficient freedom to interpret statutes even when it becomes impossible to construe the same in a manner that is in consistent with the rights mentioned in the Convention[7]. The provision is ambiguous as it vaguely states the possibl e limits of interpretation by the British Judges. In Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza [2002][8], it was stated that the court may be required to interpret beyond the legislative intent of the Parliament. Thirdly, section 4 of the HRA permits the domestic Courts to issue a Declaration of Incompatibility, that is, when the interpretation of a statute is not compatible with the rights laid down in the Convention. This provision of the Act safeguards the Parliamentary sovereignty principle. The section enables the courts to issue declaration that it is not possible to interpret the statute in consistent with the rights mentioned in the Convention as stipulated under section 3 of the Act. In cases where the statutes are construed in contrary to the rights of the conventions, such construing of the statutes comes into conflict with the intention of the legislature. Only the courts having superior authority can issue a Declaration of Incompatibility. However, the incompatibility declaration do not bind the parties to the legal proceedings neither such a declaration can make the legislation invalid. In Burden V United Kingdom [2008][9], the declaration did not prove to be an effective remedy . The purpose of the section cannot be achieved by lawful means but by political means. The section has restricted the independence of the judiciary as Parliament is empowered to legislate in case the interpretation is inconsistent with the Convention rights[10]. Fourthly, section 10 empowers the minister of the government the power to provide a remedial order in response to the declaration of incompatibility or any ruling passed by the ECtHR. The minister to remove any such necessary incompatibility must pass the remedial order. The order is passed in order to make the legislation consistent with the rights mentioned in the Convention even if it is required to frame a completely new legislation. Fifthly, section 6 of the Act stipulates that tribunals and courts be considered as public bodies, which denotes that the judgment made must be in compliance with the human rights of the nation irrespective of the fact that the dispute is between the citizens or between the citizens and the state except the incompetent declarations made by the Judges. Lastly, section 8 stipulates that a court is empowered to make such necessary rectifications which they consider to be appropriate and fair. The right of the judges to make the necessary remedies is not restricted to a Declaration of Incompatibility. The judges may consider the equality maxim while providing such necessary remedies. On one hand, the legal framework of the HRA brings about a significant contrast between the relationships of the domestic courts with the Parliament, whereas on the other hand, it signifies the contrast between the relationships of the domestic courts with Strasbourg Court. For instance, section 4 recognizes the supremacy of Parliament because if any interpretation is made which is inconsistent with the Convention rights, the Domestic courts can only issue an incompatible declaration[11]. It is for the Parliament to decide what action can be taken to identify the issue raised by the domestic court. If the Parliament expresses its views clearly then the domestic courts are under obligation to give effect to the legislative intention of the Parliament. Several times, the public often alleges the courts that the decisions are often influenced by political reasons instead of legal reasons. The Courts alleged to illicitly contravene the limits of the constitutional law and intrude in the politics to the disadvantage of the government and the Parliament. This feature of the judiciary is sometimes termed as judicial politicization[12]. The ECtHR is encouraging the judges to become more politicized as a result of which the significance of national sovereignty is coming down. Before the enactment of the act, court were allowed to use the Convention rights as a tool for construing statutes and the Parliaments act was not apparent. After the enactment, the courts are under an obligation to interpret the statutes in compliance with the Convention Rights. The role of the judges has been critically assessed whether it was the judges or the Parliament that was legislating laws. Although the Judges are not adherent to politics but they deal with certain cases especially policy related decisions, which in a democratic country, must be made by the parliament. The main argument against the implementation of the HRA is that its aims to tilt the balance of power in the favor of the judges. If the judges are brought into politics the way in which they are appointed would be questioned by the people. The decision made by the judges and the political position of the potential judges would come under public scrutiny as the case has been in America[13]. Various senior judges have dismissed the fear of the critiques with respect to the implementation of human rights in the English legal system. The chief justice of England and Wales lord Woolf said that the implementation of the HRA would not at all politicize the judges. Moreover, the judges will now have a more difficult role as they would need to address complicated questions with respect to human rights compliance consisting of political elements. The judges always addressed these questions but after the implementation of the Act, they would have to deal with them more often[14]. The best counter argument to the critiques in relation to the implementation of HRA is that the act does not allow the judges top override the primary principles of other legislations and as a result maintains the parliamentary supremacy. The act only tells the judges to make their interpretation with respect to the provisions compatible to the convention as far as it is possible for them to do so without hampering the principle of the legislation. The judges have no power to change the legislation and declare it as unconventional on any grounds. The government minister can also only change the legislation without waiting for a new enactment when the judges of a higher court have declared the legislation unconstitutional[15]. The question, which arises due to this, is that how often and to what extent the ministers can use such powers. According to Lord Woolf, the parliament would continue to use such powers, as its objective would be to ensure the compliance with the European conven tion. Contradictory to this statement it was provided by Lord Irvin that the parliament will not always strive to change legislations according to judges declaration of incompatibility and there would be cases where the parliament would not make changes to the legislations. Thus, the answer to the question is still unclear. Statutory interpretation is done by the court in order to bring out the intention of the parliament. The court is not concerned about the ability of the parliament with respect to providing a fair and just result in relation to the parties to the dispute. It only mains to interpret the provisions provided by the parliament using different rules such as the literal, golden and mischief rule of interpretation. This aspect of interpretation of statues may sometimes lead to an unfair result, which is against the provisions in relation to human rights. The Constitution clearly identifies human rights as one of the main pillars of democracy therefore; there was a significant need to address the issue. The implementation of the HRA has provided a tool to the judges to interpret the legislations in a manner, which provide a result in compliance to human rights. It can be argued in this case that the political background of the judges may influence the decision made by them and the results ob tained would be according to their personal perspective not the legal perspective[16]. However, it has to be noted in this case that judges are not able to alter the meaning of the legislations according to their own perspective and can only alter it to the extent that it does not contradict the provisions of the primary legislation. The inclusion of HR in relation to statutory interpretation has made the legal system of UK a better place. This can be best illustrated by through the case of Mr and Mrs Driscoll. In this case the husband and wife were dependant on one another as one was blind and the other could not walk. They both lived together and compensated for the disabilities of each other. The husband was moved to a care home but the wife was not allowed as she lacked criteria. It was decided on the basis of human rights that the wife must also be allowed. It has been argued against the implementation of HRA that is is providing excessive rights to the individuals[17]. A student who has not been allowed into the class room is claiming compensation, a person committing rape is claiming compensation as an appeal made by him had been delayed and individuals who have obtained sites contradicting the planning provisions are being allowed to retain their premises. However, they did not take account of the fact that even if individuals are claiming rights in excess none of the claims, which are irrelevant, are being upheld by the court. All the above-mentioned claims in relation to the human rights have been rejected by the court. It has been argued against the implementation of HRA that it would lead to suppress the parliamentary supremacy as the judges would find ways to amend legislation in order to bring into effect their own ideologies[18]. However, there have been no evidence provided by the critiques to support this statement. In most of the cases where the judges do not find compatibility with the human rights commissions the court makes sure that it issues a declaration of incompatibility without altering the meaning of the legislation. According to Donnelly that Human Rights Act is not able to provide protection to to rights as the government has the power under Article 15 of the constitution to derogate from the ECHR[19]. Recent court decisions such as in the case of R (ProLife Alliance) v. BBC[2002][20] have been decided on the basis of common law rather than that of the statutory rights. This introduces judicial activism within the legal system. However it has to be noted in favor of the HRA that these cases are rare and common law is only applied when it is not possible to comply with the conventional rights. The following cases depict how the implementation of the HRA has had a positive impact on the English legal system. In the case of Campbell v. MGN Ltd.[2002][21] both Sara Cox and Naomi Campbell wanted to assert under the Act their right to privacy. Both of them were successful in getting their claim with respect to privacy and an amendment was brought by the British parliament to introduce the need of privacy in the legal system. In the case of A and Others v. Secretary of State for the Home Department[2004][22] it was held by the house of lords that the provisions of the part 4 of the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001[23] were not compatible with that of the human rights convention. As a result, the part 4 of the Act had been replaced by the new 2005 amendment. In the case of Price v. Leeds City Council[2005][24] it was held by the court that the right to home with respect to a Romani family could not be infringed by the Leeds council and they could not be evicted from public land. The decision was however referred to the House of Lords as it was contradicting the compliance with ECHR. These cases prove hoe effectively the implementation of the HRA is being going on in UK. Concluding the paper it can be determined that amidst several criticisms the implementation of HRA had brought a revolutionary change in the English Legal System. The act had been enacted perfectly with respect to creating a balance between common law and human rights. Prima faice it can be stated that the HRA provides excessive rights to the individuals, increased power to the judiciary, risk of judicial politicization, favor to the terrorist, unlawful interpretation of statues and inadequacy. However an in depth analysis of the impact of HRA on the English legal system prove that its benefits to the society override its detriments. The implementation of the Act do not affect the the parliamentary supremacy as Sections clearly state that the provisions can only be interpreted in a way which does not make the inconsistent to the principles of the legislation. The purpose of law is to provide justice and maintain equality and not to punish the innocent on technical grounds. The implementation of the HRA ensures that there is no detriment caused to the innocent party and justice along with the principles of equality is used when deciding a point of law. Thus, the paper can be concluded by saying that HRA has had a positive impact on the English Legal System without introducing the risk of judicial politicization. References and Bibliography Blauberger, Michael, and R. Daniel Kelemen. "Can courts rescue national democracy? Judicial safeguards against democratic backsliding in the EU."Journal of European Public Policy(2016): 1-16. Canes-Wrone, Brandice. "When judges face politicized reelections, their opinions on hot-button issues change to reflect the majority view."LSE American Politics and Policy(2014). Clapham, Andrew.Human rights: a very short introduction. OUP Oxford, 2015. Clapham, Andrew.Human rights: a very short introduction. OUP Oxford, 2015. Conte, Alex, and Richard Burchill.Defining civil and political rights: The jurisprudence of the United Nations Human Rights Committee. Routledge, 2016. Delaney, Erin. "Searching for constitutional meaning in institutional design: The debate over judicial appointments in the United Kingdom."International Journal of Constitutional Law14.3 (2016): 752-768. Donnelly, Jack.Universal human rights in theory and practice. Cornell University Press, 2013. Hann, Matt. "Introduction."Egalitarian Rights Recognition. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. 1-15. Johns, Robert.Using the law in social work. Learning Matters, 2014. Mullerson, Rein.Human rights diplomacy. Routledge, 2014. Schoultz, Lars.Human Rights and United States Policy toward Latin America. Princeton University Press, 2014. Simester, Andrew P., et al.Simester and Sullivan's criminal law: theory and doctrine. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016. Sriram, Chandra Lekha, Olga Martin-Ortega, and Johanna Herman.War, conflict and human rights: theory and practice. Routledge, 2014. Stone, Richard.Textbook on civil liberties and human rights. Textbook on, 2014. Stone, Richard.Textbook on civil liberties and human rights. Textbook on, 2014. Ziegler, Katja S., Elizabeth Wicks, and Loveday Hodson, eds.The UK and European Human Rights: A Strained Relationship?. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015. Table of cases A and Others v. Secretary of State for the Home Department[2004]UKHL 56 Burden V United Kingdom 13378/05, [2008] ECHR 357, Times 07-May-2008, [2008] 18 EG 126 Campbell v. MGN Ltd.[2002] EWCA Civ 1373 Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza [2002] EWCA Civ 1533; [2004] UKHL 30 Price v. Leeds City Council[2005] R (ProLife Alliance) v. BBC[2002] EWCA Civ 297 Regina (Ullah) v Special Adjudicator [2004] UKHL 26. Waddington v Miah [1974] UKHL 6, 138 JP 497, 59 Cr App Rep 149, [1974] 2 All ER 377, [1974] 1 WLR 6 Ashworth, Andrew, and Jeremy Horder.Principles of criminal law. Oxford University Press, 2013. Baeyens, An, and Tom Goffin. "European Court of Human Rights."Eur. J. Health L.21 (2014): 197. Cameron, Iain.An introduction to the European convention on human rights. Iustus frlag, 2014. Clapham, Andrew.Human rights: a very short introduction. OUP Oxford, 2015. Gerbaldo, Federica, and Collegio Carlo Alberto Law. "European Court of Human Rights." (2015). Gies, Lieve.Mediating Human Rights: Media, Culture and the Human Rights Act. Routledge, 2014. Harris, David John, et al.Harris, O'Boyle Warbrick: Law of the European convention on human rights. Oxford University Press, USA, 2014. Izard, Carroll E.Human emotions. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Clapham, Andrew.Human rights: a very short introduction. OUP Oxford, 2015. Ziegler, Katja S., Elizabeth Wicks, and Loveday Hodson, eds.The UK and European Human Rights: A Strained Relationship?. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015. Johns, Robert.Using the law in social work. Learning Matters, 2014. Waddington v Miah [1974] UKHL 6, 138 JP 497, 59 Cr App Rep 149, [1974] 2 All ER 377, [1974] 1 WLR 683 Clapham, Andrew.Human rights: a very short introduction. OUP Oxford, 2015. Regina (Ullah) v Special Adjudicator [2004] UKHL 26. Stone, Richard.Textbook on civil liberties and human rights. Textbook on, 2014. Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza [2002] EWCA Civ 1533; [2004] UKHL 30 Burden V United Kingdom 13378/05, [2008] ECHR 357, Times 07-May-2008, [2008] 18 EG 126 Delaney, Erin. "Searching for constitutional meaning in institutional design: The debate over judicial appointments in the United Kingdom."International Journal of Constitutional Law14.3 (2016): 752-768. Blauberger, Michael, and R. Daniel Kelemen. "Can courts rescue national democracy? Judicial safeguards against democratic backsliding in the EU."Journal of European Public Policy(2016): 1-16. Canes-Wrone, Brandice. "When judges face politicized reelections, their opinions on hot-button issues change to reflect the majority view."LSE American Politics and Policy(2014). Schoultz, Lars.Human Rights and United States Policy toward Latin America. Princeton University Press, 2014. Conte, Alex, and Richard Burchill.Defining civil and political rights: The jurisprudence of the United Nations Human Rights Committee. Routledge, 2016. Stone, Richard.Textbook on civil liberties and human rights. Textbook on, 2014. Sriram, Chandra Lekha, Olga Martin-Ortega, and Johanna Herman.War, conflict and human rights: theory and practice. Routledge, 2014. Hann, Matt. "Introduction."Egalitarian Rights Recognition. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. 1-15. Mullerson, Rein.Human rights diplomacy. Routledge, 2014. Donnelly, Jack.Universal human rights in theory and practice. Cornell University Press, 2013. R (ProLife Alliance) v. BBC[2002] EWCA Civ 297 Campbell v. MGN Ltd.[2002] EWCA Civ 1373 A and Others v. Secretary of State for the Home Department[2004]UKHL 56 Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 Price v. Leeds City Council[2005]

E J Gallo Winery Strategy

Valentines Day Quotes to Share with Our Friends

Valentines Day Quotes to Share with Our Friends Valentines Day is primarily for lovers. But you can also celebrate Valentines Day with your friends. Strengthen the bond of friendship with a simple act of love. Let your friend know how much you enjoy his or her companionship with these Valentines Day quotes for friends. Why We Need Friends It is important to remember our friends on Valentines Day, because they are close to our hearts, wherever they are, however long its been since weve seen them. And thats because... Friends are as companions on a journey, who ought to aid each other to persevere in the road to a happier life. - Greek philosopher PythagorasA friend is our alter ego - Greek philosopher ZenoA friend is a second self - Greek philosopher AristotleLove unlocks doors and opens windows that werent even there before. - American journalist Mignon McLaughlin, The Second Neurotics NotebookMiracles occur naturally as expressions of love. The real miracle is the love that inspires them. In this sense, everything that comes from love is a miracle. - American author Marianne WilliamsonThe cure for all ills and wrongs, the cares, the sorrows and the crimes of humanity, all lie in the one word love. It is the divine vitality that everywhere produces and restores life. - American abolitionist Lydia Maria ChildWalking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light. - Helen KellerHe who loves 50 people has 50 woes; he who loves no one has no woes. - Buddha, founder of Bu ddhism Why Friendship Is Better Than Love Lets face it: in our long lives, lovers come and go; love grows and fades and grows again. So there are significant reasons why our friends fill the gap that our lovers cant. Whether we have lovers or not, we still need friendship. Friendship always benefits; love sometimes injures. - Roman Stoic philosopher SenecaThere is an important difference between love and friendship. While the former delights in extremes and opposites, the latter demands equality. - Francoise DAubegne Maintenon, second wife to Louis XIV of FranceLove is life. And if you miss love, you miss life. - American writer Leo BuscagliaFriendship marks a life even more deeply than love. Love risks degenerating into obsession, friendship is never anything but sharing. - American political activist Elie WieselFriendship is really the finest balm for the pangs of disappointed love. - British writer Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey.A friend who is far away is sometimes much nearer than one who is at hand. - Lebanese poet Kahlil Gibran Lovers as Friends Sometimes, if were very lucky, our lovers are also our best friends. Come, let us take our fill of love until the morning: let us solace ourselves with loves. - Bible (Book of Proverbs)Love is friendship, friendship is love. If love fails, friendship should remain. For friendship is the foundation of love. - Author UnknownMy love, you know you are my best friend. You know that Id do anything for you, and my love, let nothing come between us. My love for you is strong and true. - American songwriter Sarah McLachlanWe loved with a love that is more than love. - American novelist and poet Edgar Allan Poe, Annabel LeeTwo souls with but a single thought, /Â  Two hearts that beat as one. - Austrian poet Friedrich HalmWho would give a law to lovers? Love is unto itself a higher law. - Roman philosopher Boethius Lessons on Being a Friend We all need our friends; but how do we fulfill our side of the bargain? If you judge people, you have no time to love them. - Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary Mother TeresaLove does not dominate; it cultivates. - German writer and statesman Johann Wolfgang von GoetheSome people care too much, I think its called love. - fictional friend of A.A. Milnes young son Winnie the PoohWeve got this gift of love, but love is like a precious plant. You cant just accept it and leave it in the cupboard or just think its going to get on by itself. Youve got to keep watering it. Youve got to really look after it and nurture it. - British songwriter John LennonYou dont love someone for their looks or their clothes, or for their fancy car, but because they sing a song only you can hear. - British poet and playwright Oscar Wilde

Depends on the movie Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Depends on the movie - Coursework Example The most crucial query is your comfort and preference, disregarding common stereotypes and prejudices. This main idea is set forth in rather extraordinary movie The Kids are All Right by Lisa Cholodenko, which tells the story about untraditional married couple. With a help of artificial insemination, Nic and Jules have managed to build full and amicable family, raising two children, eighteen-year-old Joni and fifteen-year-old Laser. The stated movie shows the availability of alternative ways of reproduction, implying today’s solutions and possibility to have kids in same-sex union. The statement of Paul Hatfield, a donor that appears in family’s life so abruptly, saying, â€Å"I loved the idea of helping people, who were in need† (Horowitz, 2010), accentuate mutual assistance and support, which people have to give each other more frequently. Though in nineteen-year-old age Paul’s intentions, obviously, could be called mercenary, because he admits the role of maternal factor, however, being a grown-up person, Mister Hatfield realizes the importance and nobility of his deed, calling to follow his example. Relationships within the family seem to be quite ordinary. Being too serious and demanding all the time, Nic plays the role of the head that makes decisions and gives pieces of advice.

Strategic Alternatives and Inplementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Alternatives and Inplementation - Essay Example One of the most important advantages that the firm will be able to derive from this strategic step would be to focus on its core competencies. By outsourcing tasks such as the installation of meters as well as monitoring functions, it will be able to direct its energies in effectively forecasting the demand and upgrade its capacity to fulfill the future demands that may arise due to increases in population. However, the formation of strategic alliances may result into the dilution of control of the organization over certain of its functions and it may be forced to continue its strategic alliances in order to continue to enjoy such services. What is also significant to note that the firm may not develop its internal competencies to cope with such type of problems. Process Re-engineering is another important strategic alternative that the organization needs to perform in order to control different activities and their overall impact on the performance of the firm. It seems that the different tasks that are performed within the organization are relatively inefficient and does not lead to the achievement of the overall strategic objectives of the organization. Since the organization faces certain constraints such as non-availability of the indigenous workforce as well as lack of effective HR policies and procedures, therefore, a process- re-engineering will be an effective method to radically modify the existing systems and procedures. Process Re-engineering will allow the organization to revamp its various systems and procedures and redesign the same according to its existing capabilities and resources. It is also significant to understand that the implementation of this strategic alternative shall take place in a phased manner with the introduction of the change management process at the organizational level. Achieving the full-time commitment of the top management of the firm is another important step that needs to be completed before the formal initiation of the process. Further, the firm must also identify the different processes that need to be modified in order to achieve the overall increase in the efficiency of the organization. The identification of the processes, however, needs to be done on an enterprise-wide level with more focus on re-engineering the core activities of the firm. The design phase shall include the re-designing of the activities according to the best practices.

Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Islam - Essay Example It teaches that the supporter of Islam, (called a Muslim, agrees to "admit defeat to the willpower of Allah which we call God). Allah is vision as the one and only God, inventor, sustainer, and restorer of the humanity. The spirit of Allah, to which man ought to surrender, is made to believe in the course of the blessed scriptures, the Quran (Koran), which Allah exposed to his Prophet, Muhammad (P.B.U.H). In Islam Muhammad (P.B.U.H) is measured as the very last of a sequence of prophets, which includes Adam, Noah, Jesus, and many others, and Muhammad (P.B.U.H) message concurrently accomplishes and abrogates the disclosures endorsed to former messengers (Carmody & Brink, 2006, Pp 471-474). In the present times, the combination of religion and patriotism is treacherously explosive. On an individual, realistic stage, two states in a disagreement over a territory declared by both should be able to negotiate and divide the land. But when Allah's willpower is called up to despotism one or the other declares, then cooperation becomes disrespectful, and religious fanaticism creates monstrous philosophies of command, fatalities, and devastation. The religion Islam teaches peace and peace structuring principles and anticipates Muslims to exist by them. These principles are maintained in the Holy Quran and the Hadith, the Prophet (P.B.U.H) sayings.

Reaction Rate of Hydrochloric Concentration

Reaction Rate of Hydrochloric Concentration Hydrochloric Intensity The purpose of the experiment was to gather an understanding for the chemical reactions, depending on the concentration. The rate of reaction is the speed of the chemical reaction. This experiment was to justify if the concentration is high or low will it affect the chemical reaction. Hydrochloric acid constitutes the majority of gastric acid, the human digestive fluid. In a complex process and at a large energetic burden, it is secreted by parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells). These cells contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted into the lumen of the stomach. They are part of the epithelial fundic glands (also known as oxyntic glands) in the stomach. The chemical compound hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride gas (HCl). It is a strong acid, the major component of gastric acid and of wide industrial use. (LibreTexts. 2017). It is said from (chem4kids.com. 2017) if a reaction has a low rate , that means the molecules combine at a slower speed than a reaction with a high rate. The collision theory was used to envisage the rate for a chemical change, collisions dont always have a chemical reaction. A chemical reaction needs to be equalized for it to have an effective collision. According to (Chemistry LibreTexts. 2017) A collision will be effective in producing chemical change only if the species brought together possess a certain minimum value of internal energy, equal to the activation energy of the reaction. Furthermore, the colliding species must be oriented in a manner favorable to the necessary rearrangement of atoms and electrons. (askllTians. 2017) The experiment that was used, was all 5 test tubes filled with the same amount of sodium thiosulfate and adding to each different test tube different concentrations of hydrochloric acid and timing how fast the reaction rate is. This experiment was used to find out if you had different concentrations of hydrochloric acid would it affect the rate of reactions. Na2O3S2 + HCI = SO2 Sodium thiosulfate +Hydrochloric acid = sulfur dioxide The chemicals in this experiment were Hydrochloric acid and Sodium thiosulfate. Research has shown about hydrochloric acid it is a component found in the human digestive fluid from (Hydrochloric acid. 2017) it says that Hydrochloric acid constitutes the majority of gastric acid, the human digestive fluid. In a complex process and at a large energetic burden, it is secreted by parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells). These cells contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted into the lumen of the stomach. They are part of the epithelial fundic glands (also known as oxyntic glands) in the stomach. The chemical compound hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride gas (HCl). It is a strong acid, the major component of gastric acid and of wide industrial use. If the human digestive fluid had a low concentration it would take longer to digest food. Concentration is the intensity of an element or substance in an experiment. Concentration is used in everyday life in food, drinks and chemicals added to certain things. Aim The Aim for this experiment was if the concentration would affect the rate of reaction. Hypothesis The prediction for this experiment was that the reaction time will get faster and slower with each density of hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate will mix together and create a yellow substance of solid Sulphur. The controlled variable in this experiment was the concentration and the independent variable was the rate of reactions. 5 test tubes 2 measuring cylinders (50ml each) 5 different types of hydrochloric acid such as 0.2,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 (50ml each) 1 sodium thiosulfate 75ml 1 test tube rack Gloves Glasses Lab coat 3 stop watches This experiment started by the collection of the resources and safety equipment needed. Followed by the set up of the test tubes in the test tube rack and the measuring of 5ml of Sodium Thiosulfate for each of the test tubes. 15ml of Hydrochloric Acid of different concentrations ranged between 0.2 to 2.0 added to each test tube as soon as the hydrochloric acid is added the timer was stated and the experiment was observed till there werent any more changes to the chemicals. When the chemicals first had a change the time from when the hydrochloric acid added to the change was recorded into a results table. Once there was no change to the chemicals, the times was also recorded. The experiment was done three times to make sure there were the best results we could get and incase the results werent precise. After the third round of the experiments were finished the equipment used was cleaned up and the area used and all the resources and safety equipment used was returned. Diagram Risk assessment Basic steps for experiment Risks (low, moderate, high) prevention grabbing equipment from the trolley and placing it out It is at a low risk of bumping into people and dropping all the equipment To prevent this risk, you will need to walk safely to you working area and be careful with the equipment When measuring the sodium thiosulfate to put in each test tube It is at a low risk of spilling the chemicals To prevent this risk, you will need to be aware of people around you and keeping an eye on what you are doing When measuring the hydrochloric acid to put in each test tube for the first round of experiments It is at a low risk of spilling the chemicals To prevent this risk, you will need to be aware of people around you and keeping an eye on what you are doing The combination of the hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate into the same test tubes It is at a low risk of spilling the chemicals To prevent this risk, you will need to be aware of people around you and keeping an eye on what you are doing Viewing the reaction It is at a moderate risk you may be injured by the reaction the chemical pose To prevent this risk, make sure you have put in the right amount of chemicals and dont be so close while viewing the reaction After repeating the experiment 3 times the area and equipment used will need to be cleaned and washed It is at a moderate risk spilling the chemicals on yourself will cause burning or irritation to the skin or dropping the test tubes and breaking them To prevent this risk, ware protective gear such as groves, glasses and apron it will protect most of your body at may come in contact with the chemicals Writing your results It is at a low risk the most that can happen is stabbing yourself with a pencil or pen. To prevent this risk, be careful The health effect the chemicals have: Chemical Effects Hydrochloric acid When in contact with skin, your skin will become corrosive, irritant and it will create burns on your skin. Eye contact it will become irritant and corrosive. Sodium thiosulfate Your skin will become irritant. results Experiment 1: Mol Before after reaction 0.2 Clear Change to a creamy white 51sec-6.45min 0.5 Clear Change to a creamy white 48sec-4.54min 1.0 Clear Change to a creamy white 1.10min- 2.28min 1.5 Clear Change to a creamy white 1.20min-2min 2.0 Clear Change to a creamy white 1.15-2min Mol Before after reaction 0.2 Clear change to a creamy white 51sec-6.45min 0.5 Clear Change to a creamy white 33sec-4.53min 1.0 Clear Change to a creamy white 26sec- 2.42min 1.5 Clear Change to a creamy white 18sec-2.25min 2.0 Clear Change to a creamy white 58sec-3.3min Experiment 2: Experiment 3: Mol Before after reaction 0.2 Clear change to a creamy white 41sec-3.15min 0.5 Clear Change to a creamy white 38sec-2.36min 1.0 Clear Change to a creamy white 0.06sec- 1.49min 1.5 Clear Change to a creamy white 45sec -1.27min 2.0 Clear Change to a creamy white 10sec-2.11min Discussion In experiment 1, it started with the clear mixed chemicals all with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid. In the experiment for 0.2M the reaction occurred 51 seconds after combining sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid together and the reaction stopped 6.45 minutes after the combining. The hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.5M the reaction occurred 33 seconds after the combining and stopped 4.53 minutes after. 1M was 25 seconds and stopped at 2.42 minutes after, 1.5M was 18 seconds and stopped after 2.25 minutes after and finally 2M the reaction started at 58 seconds after it was combined and it stopped 3.37 minutes after the combining. Although all the concentrations of hydrochloric acid, the clear liquid it once was changed to a creamy white. In experiment 2, it started the same way as experiment 1. Although some of the results were different to experiment 1. O.2M it started at 51 seconds and stopped at 6.45 minutes after, it was the same as in experiment 1. The chemical reaction started at 33 seconds and it stopped 4.53 minutes whereas 1M started at 26 seconds and it stilled at 2.42 minutes after it was added. 1.5M was started at 18 seconds whereas 2M started at 58 seconds but 1.5M stopped at 2.25 minutes and 2M stopped at 3.3minutes. However, all the concentrations in the end change to the same color in experiment 1. Experiment 3, just like all the other experiment it was started the same way with the clear mixed chemicals however, the chemical reaction happened when the sodium thiosulfate was being measured because it was accidently measured in the hydrochloric acid measuring cylinder so that effected the results for this experiment, so it was measured when it got to a darker shade of creamy white. 0.2M was affected 41 seconds after and it stopped 3.15 minutes after. 0.5 changed 38 seconds after and it stopped at 2.36 minutes.   1M was the one that was most effected when measuring the sodium thiosulfate occurred it was recorded in the results that it started at 0.06 seconds and stopped at 1.49 minutes. 1.5M started at 45 seconds and finished 1.27 minutes after finally 2M started at 10 seconds and stopped 2.11 minutes. The Average, when the recording was happening there wasnt someone all the time watching the experiment so it may not be quite accurate. The average for 0.2M was 5.35 minutes, 0.5M was 3.81 minutes, 1M was 4.58 minutes, 1.5M was 4.02 minutes and finally 2M was 2.47 minutes. This average was only recorded by when the chemical changed stopped. The research collected helped understand what was going on with the experiment it was known if it had a low concentration is would go slower and it would go faster if it had a high concentration. The Hypothesis was supported it did get faster and slower with each density of hydrochloric acid. Although it didnt create a solid yellow substance, the experiment only created a liquid substance. This experiment has created a understanding of what would happen if the human digestive fluid has a much higher concentration it would help digest quicker but it would also eat the lining of your stomach. Evaluation This experiment worked well but there were many mistakes that occurred such as the results were not recorded properly because you needed to keep an eye on the experiment at all times to get the most accurate answer. The other mistake was with the measuring cylinders needed to make sure that this experiment used one for sodium thiosulfate and a another for hydrochloric acid otherwise it will be an inaccurate answer because the chemicals will already mix when your measuring how much you will needwith one of the chemicals. To improve this experiment, it would have been better if one person is always watching the tests so this experiment would have made the results more accurate and if the measuring cylinders were easier to tell apart so there was a clear distinction of which on was used for that certain chemical. Conclusion In conclusion, the experiment was used to have a better understanding of chemical reactions depending of the concentration. The collision theory was used to rate the chemical change, hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate make a yellow liquid substance. Concentration is also used every single day without most peoples knowledge. The concentration did effect the reaction rate because it either had a high or low reaction rate. The hypothesis was supported except for the concentration of 2M more information was needed to understand why. Bibliography Chemistry LibreTexts. (2017). Reaction Rate. [online] Available at: https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Reaction_Rates/Reaction_Rate   [Accessed 9 Feb. 2017]. Encyclopedia Britannica. (2017) | chemistry. [online] Available at:   https://www.britannica.com/science/collision-theory-chemistry   [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017]. Mar. 2017]. Studios, A. (2017). Chem4Kids.com: Reactions: Rates of Reactions. [online] Chem4Kids.com. Available at: http://www.chem4kids.com/files/react_rates.html   [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017]. Pubchem.ncbi.nlm.gov. (2017) | HCI Pubchem. [online] Available at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/hydrochloric_acid [Accessed 9 Feb. 2017]. Pubchem.ncbi.nlm.gov. (2017). SODIUM THIOSULFATE | Na203S2 Pubchem. [online] https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium_thiosulphate#section=Top [Accessed 5]

Holden Essay -- essays research papers

Holden Caulfield, the narrator and the main character of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, is a young adult, who, at first seems to simply describes his four day adventure in New York City after bring expelled from his forth school. However, at the same time he narrates more; through his many experiences, which he describes in the book, we can see the themes of the work. The theme that definitely stands out is the loss of innocence. Holden portrays himself as an individual, who does not want to grow up and change. From the beginning, it is obvious that Holden does not like anyone, except children. To Holden, the world around him, the adult world and all of its members, is phony. In other words, the innocent world of children is the only world that appeals to Holden. However, in the end the reader also gets to see Holden's change and eventual surrender to the adult world. The Catcher in the Rye is simply about Holden's futile resistance to growing up and his surrender. Holden's attempts to refuse maturing are seen through his failures in education, his attitude towards the adult world, and his caring for only children, but his sudden fall into maturity shows there is no escape from growing up. Holden's actions and the way he describes his experiences clearly show his refusal to grow up. The first sign of Holden's refusal to leave the childhood world behind is his constant failures in school. Holden has been kicked out of several schools already, from each one within a...

Memo to Ceo

Our goal is to inspire, engage and develop our people to unleash full potential as individuals and as an organization. The organizational components of the hospital are its governing board, administration, the nursing staff and other key personnel. Each group has primary responsibilities specific to the nature of their function. However, each group share common Interests with others and must work cooperatively on issues such as long range planning, budgeting, capital equipment acquisition, facilities design, maintenance, and quality assurance.According to Giuliani (2004) decentralization is a structure that would promote better-informed decision-making, ensure effective articulation. Additionally, decentralization encourages self-sustainability and enable greater of understanding of local needs as well as better use of local resources and growth potentials for improving productivity and increased quality of care.Being cognizant of how Select Medicals' decentralized structure function s will help to formulate effective strategies for improvement. There are crucial responsibilities In the organizing of Select Specialty. The Governing Board represents corporate leadership and ownership. The Governing Board address legal and regulatory manliness, Investments and business procedures, allowably Insurance, gulden and directing the organization, and establishing its policies and for charting its future course.Of crucial importance is the need for the governing board to ensure that specific organizational goals and philosophies are identified so that all parties have a clear understanding of why the institution exists and what goals everyone should be working toward. The Administrator is responsible for the implementation of the Board's policy in the daily operations of the hospital. While the board is primarily unconcerned with whether the hospital will do well, the administrator is responsible for how it will be achieved.Typically the administrator focuses on hiring, o rganizing and supervising personnel and staff, designing and implementing proper policies and procedures, and allocating resources efficiently. The nursing staff and other key staff are responsible for caring out the interventions prescribed by the physician according to polices and procedures designed by the Governing Board. The staff team approach works to identify all of the patient's medical conditions, devise he administrator is the liaison between the Governing Board and the rest of the organization.The identification and knowledge of Selects structure and functionality will assist in developing a strategic plan that will be in align with the vision, mission and objectives of the organization. Please feel free to contact me. Best regards, Michelle Frank References Giuliani, V. S. (2004). Decentralization of Health Care: Understanding the Relationship Between Values, Social Interaction and Health Policy. Conference Papers American Sociological Association, 1 . Dot: as_proceedin g_35637. PDF

Application Topic Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi

Grant Proposal/Application Topic Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Executive Summary Mother Teresa spent countless days and a better part of her life taking care of the lives of the less fortunate regardless of where they came from, gender, religion, and or race. She sought to see their faces full of joy, just as it is for the few wealthy and privileged people around the world. She did this passion-driven service until she met her death.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Grant Proposal/Application Topic: Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the fact that she stood out as a figure that showed the need to take care of the less privileged, it is surprising that very few have taken over from her. Millions and millions of people are dying every minute because of lack of food, medical services, and or attention. In fact, extreme poverty, increased preventable deaths, and lack of accessibility to education by children are becoming out-of- hand challenges in some cities in the US. Mississippi is one of the poorest states in the US. A good number of the poor is women, majority of who have children. The poor conditions have hiked the level of illiteracy among the children in Mississippi, as they cannot afford quality education because of their poor parents. Again, such women have been exposed to risky sexual behaviors as they toil hard to make ends meet. They also have low self-esteem because of their status. Therefore, there is a need for a program that empowers these women psychologically and economically, an effort that will also boost literacy in the city and the entire US. Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is an organization that is concerned about this category of population. The organization is a non-governmental organization that was established to create awareness through advocacy campaigns to educate Mississippi people living in abject poverty and any other pathetic conditions. Children in Mississippi live with no hopes of seeing tomorrow. They live as if they are in their own world though this is not the case. The US government is aware of these people. However, it has no plans to improve their status. There is lack of planning and policies with the formulated ones not caring about the welfare of these people. After a survey carried out in the regions hardly hit by poverty in the US, Mississippi was selected for the advocacy campaign. The advocacy campaign is dubbed, â€Å"Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy.† It is aimed at compelling the US government to adopt policies and plans that are intended to save the extremely poor Mississippi people. The states in which these people live are not appealing. The region was selected because of its high rate of poverty despite having good natural resources to enable it improve the livelihood of its people. Because Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is not profit-oriented, it does not have funds to carry out the program. Funds to facilitate the campaign are in the form of grants from the International Fund.Advertising Looking for proposal on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organization’s positive results in other areas like New Jersey have demonstrated the benefits of advocacy campaigns. The campaign is expected to take duration of five years after which it is expected that the rate and prevalence of poverty in Mississippi would have reduced to minimal levels because amicable plans and policies would have been instituted to trigger change. The expected outcome after the campaign is to reduce the number of poor people in Mississippi besides heightening literacy levels in the region and the US at large. The rate of deaths from preventable diseases is expected to reduce with the number of children attending schools being expected to rise. This will be determined through evaluations that wil l be conducted after six months for the five years. Organization Information Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative Mission and Goals Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is a group of people around the US who are involved in advocacy campaigns aimed at holding the US’ leaders accountable for their policies and commitments. The organization’s mission statement is to heighten literacy levels by fighting extreme poverty and preventable diseases in the US. This mission statement clearly defines the goals of the organization in ensuring that the US government is held accountable besides being motivated to be committed in the fight against extreme poverty and the need for quality education for all. Therefore, the campaign requires the US’ leaders to adopt effective policies to implement in a bid to change the situation in the Mississippi. Background and History Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is an international advo cacy group working in various states in America. It targets poor or developing cities where the rate of poverty and preventable diseases is high with low educational standards of the young people. The initiative believes that these problems are preventable if only the US government implements its policies on the same. Therefore, the organization raises public awareness, as well as pressuring political leaders to come up with smart and effective policies and programs that can help save many children and people’s lives who die due to lack of enough food and or of preventive diseases. It campaigns for equal chances of securing jobs by providing quality and reliable education to all despite the differences in household backgrounds. The organization collaborates with like-minded organizations across the world at the grassroots level to press the government to implement affable policies that can solve these problems that affect the lives of many children. Currently, its membership is around three million.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Grant Proposal/Application Topic: Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To become a member, there is nothing that the member is charged. What is required is a commitment of the members to voice the concerns of the population to the US government to take actions that are aimed at ensuring that policies are put in place to ensure that lives are sustained. The large turnout of people to trigger the US government’s actions clearly demonstrates that the organization is influencing many people’s lives across the world. Therefore, Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is a force to trigger change in the US. Location The organization’s head office is in the United States 1400 Eye Street, Suite 600, Washington, DC 2005. Population Served The organization serves the general population across the US. It targets poor people and those who cannot access quality education in Mississippi. The organization works with activists and people who are concerned with the status of the poor in the society. It reaches the US’ leaders through advocacy campaigns to compel them to come up with working policies. Current Programs Currently, the organization has rolled out its campaigns in different states around the US to reach leaders. Recent Accomplishments The organization has been recognized as one of the forces behind improved leadership in most of the states in the US. It has teamed up with other like-minded local organizations besides helping to trigger positive change in the leadership of states like New Jersey whose rate of poverty has reduced to significant levels besides improving accessibility of medical services. Staff For any organization to grow and achieve its objectives, human resources are essential. The management board, which comprises finance advisor, comm unication manager, media officer, program manager, and monitoring and evaluation specialist, controls the organization, which provides leadership on the programs and strategies to use in ensuring that a positive change is attained in the cities faced with high rates of poverty like Mississippi.Advertising Looking for proposal on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The members are the staff that is used to voice the concerns of the poor to the authorities. Therefore, membership is voluntary. It draws people who are in accord and who are concerned with the plight and status of the poor in the Mississippi. Problem Statement Poverty is one of the problems that many states in America are grappling with now and then. Mississippi is one of the poorest states in America. There are various reasons that best explain why the prevalence of poverty is higher here compared to other states. One of them is the lack of fundamental principles to eradicate poverty. The region has poor policies that can assist it from breaking through this yoke of poverty and poor education. Secondly, the leadership is corrupt: it is mindful of its self-interest instead of addressing the challenges faced by the state. Other reasons include poor accessibility to education because of low social-economic status of most of the parents, especially single mothers. Bad weather, unfavor able climate, and other reasons also cause poverty. For instance, â€Å"Mississippi and New Mexico had the highest poverty rates with more than one out of every five people in each state living in poverty† (Associated Press, 2011, Para. 1). It implies that, if inadequate measures are not adopted to reverse the trend, these people are geared to experience hunger. Many of them will not be able to buy food because of the limited amount of money they have. This is an alarming finding, which should be looked into to establish why there is a high rate of poverty in Mississippi. Among the causes are poor institutional and the colonial system policies that were imposed to the people. Even though structural changes have been instituted to reverse the situation, large numbers of people here are still languishing in poverty. They lack education. The educated ones cannot get employment because of poor institutional policies. In this region, most investment plans and government policies t end to favor the rich leaving out the poor who mostly live in the in slum-like houses. Furthermore, other social challenges such as HIV/AIDs have continued to affect most people living in this region. Many of them are highly affected and infected by the HIV/AIDs. This has further added burden to the poor people in the region. They cannot access good medication due to lack of money. Research indicates, â€Å"In 2011, Mississippi reported 5816 cases of gonorrhea† (Fact Sheet, 2011, Para. 2: Kaiser, 2009, Para. 2). The finding reveals the high prevalent cases of HIV/AIDs to the poor. The society is faced with acute problems that hinder it from living a decent life. Due to these social challenges, it becomes difficult for such people to take their children to schools. Most extremely poor people struggle to get food. They do not have enough money to take care of their children. Therefore, children are denied an opportunity to go to school. This further worsens the situation as the rate of poor people continues to expand. Poor planning and poor policies cause most of the challenges. Government leaders and other leaders have the potential to eradicate poverty to ensure that society is able to access fundamental amenities without strain. These problems limit the potential of a state to attain its economic achievements. Therefore, this is the reason why this advocacy is important since it will enable the US’ leaders to come up with the best strategies to tackle the problems relating to poverty in Mississippi since they threaten to explode in the near future if urgent measures are not taken. Literature Review Poverty is one of the social problems and challenges that wrestle many developing countries. Millions of people are lingering in abject poverty. Statistics on the number of people in extreme poverty is disturbing. For instance, according to Hansen (2012), â€Å"poor people in Mississippi still have health problems, even if they have Medicaid or healt h insurance, even if there are clinics in their communities, even if they get home health services. They do not get better, and the diseases born of poverty and obesity are not prevented; thousands of people frequent emergency rooms for illnesses that could have been tackled by primary care† (Para. 2). According to the World Bank, poverty is equivalent to hunger. It is characterized by the absence of shelter, lack of access to medical attention, schools, and jobs. The list is endless. Therefore, poverty is all about the negatives and those factors that hinder individuals from living happily. Poverty is also equated to lack of freedom and being powerlessness. Therefore, this implies that people faced with abject poverty can be treated in any manner. Those in power can abuse them especially during election periods. The powerful people capitalize on these weaknesses to garner support. Hopeful citizens vote for such leaders in office who forget about their needs after being electe d. After their terms elapse, the cycle recurs. This trend has contributed greatly to increased number of people remaining poor. In fact, leaders would always wish that such slums and poor people continue to increase to enable them achieve their ambitions. To know the appropriate ways of eradicating poverty, what can work and or what cannot, and what changes over time, it is imperative to measure poverty besides defining and studying it in details. This will help to find answers and amicable solutions that can help in alleviating the prevalence of poverty. According to the World Bank, the most common and the best measure of poverty is the level of income. A person is considered poor if the level of income falls under the threshold set by a government. Minimum level of income is called poverty levels. Different countries have set their poverty levels depending on factors such as time, place, level of development, societal norms, and values among other factors. For instance, in Britain , the government has three levels under which it uses to define poverty. These include relative poverty, absolute poverty, and social exclusion. Absolute poverty is the situation where an individual lacks resources for his/her own upkeep. According to the US Census Bureau (2012), â€Å"Relative poverty is defined in terms of the average income or resources that an individual has where all people under this category cannot fully participate in the day-to-day activities due to the absence of material needs† (Para. 3). On the other hand, social exclusion is a new term that explains the consequences that are likely to happen in situations where there is no access to employment or where people have low incomes, poor skills, high crime environments, poor housing, family breakdown, and bad health. Mississippi is the hardest hit by extreme cases of poverty (p. 692). The number of poor people grew from 217 million in 1987 to more than 300 million in the year 1998 (US Census Bureau, 20 12, Para. 4: Magubane, 2008, p.692), which is a high percentage of increase in poverty. Drawing from this finding, one gets a clear picture of the pathetic state of children in Mississippi. It is terrifying to see children cry of hunger, die of diseases, or lack parental care due to causes that are beyond their control. Living has become hard for them as they are not given an opportunity to go to school. It is not the wish of parents, but the lack of resources to take them to school. Children become breadwinners at a tender age. Many children in Mississippi also die from preventable diseases. Furthermore, many children in the region are underweight due to poor nutrition. They also suffer from diseases such as measles. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, â€Å"A child in Mississippi is born in poverty after every 46 minutes†¦ is abused or neglected every 2 hours†¦dies before his/her first birthday every 20 hours† (2007, Para. 1). These findings make it clear that poverty is such a killer condition. Once it strikes, it deprives parents of their attention to children since they cannot get any means (funds) to offer food, good shelter, or even health to their helpless children. Abandoning them (the children) remains their only option and hence the many early death cases in Mississippi. These are settlements where the level of income is limited hence hindering people from accessing fundamental basic needs. Most people in informal settlements in Mississippi are employed as manual laborers. Therefore, their salary cannot sustain them. Therefore, they prefer living in such environments to meet their most important needs such as food, clothing, and shelter. It is not the wish of an individual to live in such environments. Rather, the situation forces this to be the only solution. The US government has a role of ensuring that it provides better policies that can enable people to look for opportunities to lead a positive life. Poor leadership in this state has contributed to most of the extreme poverty cases. Leaders whom people elect are not focused. They lack vision. They only seek to amass wealth to satisfy their self-interests. It astonishes that, at some point in the1960s, states that are performing well in their economy were once at the same level with Mississippi. However, decades have passed with no solid developments in Mississippi, which is a good illustration of how ignorant the US government has been. Furthermore, leaders, not only in the US, are hungry for power. This has contributed to negative effects as wars have erupted causing losses of many lives and property destruction. This case has worsened the situation besides contributing to the collapse of the economy. Therefore, for the US to reduce poverty in Mississippi and other affected regions, there is a lot of work it needs to do to be successful. Otherwise, the situation may come out of hand. Therefore, to ease this work by the government, t he program will partner with organizations whose aims and objectives match its goal of curbing poverty in Mississippi. These partners are proficient when it comes to handling the issue at hand because they have been doing it for long in many other areas. For instance, the program will partner with ‘The action Aid’, which is an international non-governmental organization that is well placed to know the issues and changes that children from a poor background go through. It aims at ensuring that children are taken good care of and are taken to school to pursue their academics to achieve their goals. This organization sponsors children from poor backgrounds. Therefore, information from this organization will be of great assistance in enabling the staffs and members of the organization to be abreast with facts about the prevalence on rate of poverty. Therefore, in this Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative campaign, ‘The Action Aid’ will come in handy in ensuring that the program succeeds. ‘Wake up Youths’ is yet another group that the organization will collaborate with to ensure that it achieves its objectives and goals. It consists of like-minded youths in the slum areas. The focus of the group is to stimulate economic growth among youths in the areas. These youths have been raised up in these slums. Therefore, they understand the challenges that people in slums go through as they try to make ends meet. Therefore, they understand the difficulties of slum dwellers. This knowledge will be of great importance to the advocacy initiative. The group will be used to present its policies and demands to the leaders for a remedial action. Therefore, it will participate besides presenting itself to the US’ leaders to explain its problems and need to compel the government to take appropriate actions to ensure that people in the poverty-hit Mississippi are also assisted by the government to enable them become s elf-sustainable. The Activists Group in the US is also very essential in the campaign initiative. Activists are very vocal as they aspire to ensure that human rights and freedom of the people are respected. The constitution of the US is clear on the government’s initiative to ensure that nobody suffers from poverty, dies of preventable diseases, or fails to go to school. Therefore, this group comes up with programs that are aimed at empowering such vulnerable population to engage in an economic venture to enable Mississippi people sustain their families, as well as themselves. This organization is also ensuring that adequate measures are put in place to fight with preventable disease such as malaria and typhoid in Mississippi. To do this, it educates the members of the communities and poor families on the need to ensure cleanliness every time. These awareness programs will help Mississippi people to change their behaviors in terms of ensuring high levels of hygiene in every t hing they do. Therefore, this organization is a very important partner because it will help in providing evidence and statistics on the level of poverty and the rate at which people from these areas succumb to death due to the failure to access good medical care. Therefore, the activists together with employees will compel the US government to formulate policies that are aimed at promoting good governance by voicing these issues. The issues that Mississippi faces at the grassroots levels will be voiced to the concerned leaders for an immediate solution to be instituted to remedy the solutions. Program Objectives and Expected Outcomes Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is purposed to reach the US leaders with a goal of stressing the need for accountability for the lives that are lost in regions such as Mississippi because of ignorance from leaders. The increasing rates of deaths due to poverty and preventable diseases should be brought to an end. It is astonish ing how these countries have enough resources at their disposal. Yet, they fail to utilize them to their advantage. Poor policies and lack of appropriate machinery to implement policies are the key contributors of the problems facing poor people in Mississippi. The objectives of the program include: To reach the US government through advocacy campaigns to petition for adoption of good policies that will uplift the lives of poor people in Mississippi To ensure that policies are implemented to ensure that children from poor families are educated and trained in Mississippi To ensure that all target groups in Mississippi (women, children, and young people) are empowered and are able to access good medical care To ensure that the US leaders who fail to address issues pertaining to poverty alleviation are pressurized to do so This very intensive campaign is expected to bring changes to the lives of people in Mississippi. Many people in Mississippi are living below the poverty line. They cannot access good medical services and food. Despite the fact that Mississippi has fertile arable land, people here continue to depend on sponsors and donations. This trend has made most of them lose hope in the US government. This constitutes one of the things that this program seeks to end. The US leaders will be required to be proactive working hard to uplift the lives of the suffering Mississippi people. Adequate resources available in this region will be put to full utilization to improve farming and productivity. Furthermore, this campaign will ensure that the number of children enrolling to schools increases. In the current world, education is the pillar and foundation of a nation. Countries that do not invest in education are planning to fail because illiterate people cannot manage them. Therefore, the advocacy campaign will also focus on this important issue to ensure that fundamental plans are put in place to ensure that children in Mississippi access good schools and ed ucation. Most poor parents cannot get good medical attentions. This affects their growth and life in the future. Preventive diseases are another area that many people in Mississippi face. Many people die from these preventable diseases such as malaria and typhoid among others due to poverty and lack of money to seek good medical treatment. Therefore, his campaign seeks to solve the issue. If the US leaders can only get their calculations right, there is nothing that can hinder them from achieving and realizing their dreams of a poverty-free Mississippi. This is expected to trigger positive change in the general lives of people in Mississippi. Program Design and Methodology The program is expected to take duration of five years, which is enough time to ensure that prominent US leaders meet with the advocacy groups to negotiate on various issues that pertain to the challenges that Mississippi people face in a bid to provide affable solutions. In the design, officers will carry out a s urvey to determine the US regions that are highly affected by high rates of preventive deaths, poverty, and high school dropouts. In the initial stage, the survey will be carried out in all the American states to choose the regions that have higher rates of people living in extreme poverty. Even though most of them may be facing these problems, the rate of prevalence may not be similar. Furthermore, this survey will factor in various issues, which may include the forms of government, the availability of resources, and fundamental infrastructure to drive the economy forward. In the survey, government data and statistics on population and the rate of poverty will be analyzed, reviewed, and compared with other regions. Furthermore, research will be carried out since data will be collected from various locations including areas such as slums, as well as from those middle class populations. These reviews will be of great importance as views of the population concerning their plights will be analyzed and incorporated in the campaign strategy. After the survey, the US state that will have very high rates of poverty prevalence will be given priority. The team will have to make a decision whether to roll out the campaign in all the hardly-hit states or in the one that has high rates of poverty. This decision will also be arrived at by considering the availability of resources and the number of members in the states to make it a reality. Due to limitation in the resources at the disposal, the only region that will be given attention is the one with high prevalence rates of poverty. Therefore, the campaign will be done in Mississippi region only. After identification of the focus region, machinery will be put in place to kick-start the campaigns. The timetable will be clearly set with the course of actions that will require to be followed to ensure that the program achieves the best results. The personnel in charge of the various locations within the selected region will be trained on various aspects to enable them perform better to produce excellent results. Program Staff Human capital is one of the fundamental components in ensuring that a program succeeds or fails. The program members will run it in the relevant countries. A team leader will be recruited to ensure that all the programs and activities in the respective countries are going on well. The team leaders will be the ones to compile reports and submit them to the head office to evaluate on the milestone made. The other members will be trained on public relations skills to acquaint them with how they need to interact with their leaders. The training will be done through the internet. Members will be directed to websites where they will be given the login details- password and username to gain entry to the learning resources. This is aimed at reducing the costs of carrying out training besides saving on time since the members are literate. Those who have the skills will direct the few that may not be having knowledge in computer. The members will work or roll out their campaigns from the grassroots levels whereby they will engage with the leaders of various institutions to help them with ideas on how they can resolve problems that they face. The campaigns will be rolled out to the national levels bringing into perspective national leaders who, in most states, are the ones who provide decisions on which projects to initiate. These staff members will volunteer their services. Therefore, they will not be entitled to salary but rather a small token to motivate them to continue with the initiative. Few other employees will also be recruited to ensure that the program is well rolled out to achieve its objectives. They will be entitled to salary. They will sign a contract with the organization to ensure that they achieve their objectives. Those who will not manage to satisfy or adhere to the terms of the contracts will not be tolerated. They will be summoned for the first t ime. However, in the second sermon, their contract will be terminated. The organization expects that the employees will be people of high skills and knowledge in matters of relations and advocacy to ensure that they engage in the exercise in a professional manner. The results should be evident at the end of the five years. They should have shown that indeed they have performed and influenced the leaders to change their policies to adopt others that can stimulate investments to uplift the poor Mississippi people besides ensuring that children from poverty-stricken areas like Mississippi attend schools and or access good medical treatment. Program Partnerships To ensure that the project succeeds, Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative will enter partnership with various organizations that operate in America as briefly hinted above. The organizations that Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative will partner with include the Action Aid, Wake up Youth s, Poverty eradication in America, and the Activists Groups. The reasons for this partnership are to ensure that Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative reaches many US leaders and people to influence them to adapt appropriate strategies. Furthermore, these partners are formed to perform duties that relate to what the group would like to offer. They are like-minded groups that agitate for the rights of the people. Further, they are concerned with the welfare of the poor people in the society. Therefore, they understand the problems that people in poor regions go through better. They are better placed to provide good recommendation on the best policies that can help improve the living standards of people in these Mississippi states besides making them access schools and medical services. These partners will be notified through an official letter from the organization. The letter would request them to collaborate with the organization in ensuring that they bring to t he attention the poverty situations in Mississippi and the best ways to formulate policies that can alleviate such problems better. In the letter, they will be informed on various duties that the organization does, the theme of the advocacy campaign, and the concealment date among other important information of why the program is important in ensuring that the lives of the people are uplifted. Program Timeline Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is scheduled to take five years. The program is scheduled to kick-start when the notice of a grant award is served. It is expected to end with the first evaluation of the program. Upon notice of grant award, the chief executive officer of the company will communicate to his fellow board members to inform them of the release of the money. The organization will write to the International Funds to acknowledge and send appreciation for the grant. This letter will acknowledge the receipt of funds by the organization’s accounts. Members will come together in round-the-table talks to arrange and budget for the funds. Duties will be assigned to managers to execute the tasks. Furthermore, all the program partners will receive calls and updates on arrangements such as the date when the program commences and other relevant details. Furthermore, a meeting will be scheduled to assist in coordination of activities of different organizations. Public announcement and media release of the program will be prepared and disseminated in various organizations. In the first to the third month, the initial stages of program implementation will take place. During this period, the training of members and other employees will take place. The members will be assigned their areas of jurisdiction and the rules that they will work with. After the campaign is rolled out, the evaluation will take place after six months to determine the milestones that would have been made for the few months. Team leaders will have to file their reports on the achievements they have made so far. These evaluations will be done after every five years. The last evaluation will be done in the fifth year to ascertain the milestone that will have been made. The program will come into conclusion after some noticeable achievements made. Plans will be taken on how the project will be sustained for the coming years. Program Monitoring Process and Evaluation Plan For the program to fair on smoothly, monitoring and evaluation are imperative. Monitoring and evaluation specialists will scrutinize and assess the program on a daily basis on its outcomes. A supervisor will be assigned the role of ensuring that the program performs as expected. The supervisor will work in all the sub-regions of Mississippi. He or she will have to transverse across the regions to find out the performance of the project. Evaluation is a process of checking and assessing an action plan after some time to determine whether the program is fairing on as requ ired. It is also aimed at determining the area that needs urgent correction to institute urgent measures. Evaluation is also important in a project because it allows improvement of the service provided in the program. In this case, the managers will carry out evaluations after every six months. The evaluations will be aimed at checking whether the company is making positive progress or not. In the first six months after the program is rolled out, a survey will be carried out to determine the magnitude the program has affected the US prominent leaders. A sample of leaders, as well as campaign lobbyists, will be given questionnaires while others will be interviewed to find out how they find the program in the six months. This information is important in this process of project implementation because it will help the organization to come up with viable strategies to change the effects of the current situations. Furthermore, evaluation will also measure other central objectives related to the program such as any positive intervention and decrease in cost of life among many others. For instance, when the number of children who are not sent away from school to collect school fees does not increase, it will demonstrate that the government has not done enough measures to control poverty prevalence. However, because this is a very short period, the number is expected to be low. This evaluation will also enable the organization- Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative to continue strengthening its relationships with other groups to help it achieve its missions. This relationship will enable the target audience to provide information without fear. It will also participate in various important issues concerning the elimination of poverty in the poverty-stricken areas. Organizational Capacity The organization is well prepared to ensure that this campaign becomes successful. The company’s online training program is aimed at equipping the members and workers with relevant skills on how they should conduct the campaign. The training is high-class intending to prepare members by equipping them with skills to allow them perform their tasks with ease. The venture is not that easy since it requires frequent meetings with members of the public. Therefore, public relation and etiquette skills are paramount to ensure that this becomes a success. This training is provided by the organization itself. Furthermore, the partners the organization has incorporated are very important in ensuring that this process becomes a success. These partners have enough relevant information and expertise that the organization will adopt to ensure that the program succeeds. For instance, Action Aid as highlighted earlier has been serving different countries for a long period. Therefore, many people are familiar with the organization. This will help boost our image towards the public. There are various success stories that are associated with the organizati on. The organization is attributed to have successfully carried out advocacy campaigns in different countries in its neighborhood. Therefore, this is a reason enough to demonstrate the capacity of the organization to carry out successful campaign strategies. Many children did not attend schools. Many died of preventive diseases. However, when the program was rolled out, it helped many people to change their ways of life by uplifting and even liberating them from the menace of poverty. The government began to adopt and implement policies that ensured that the poor and the vulnerable are reached with measures put in place to improve their lives. The success that was made from this program was worth. Still, the government is committed to ensuring that its population can access essential services and amenities. Program Sustainability Program sustainability is an important aspect to ensure that the project is able to add value to society. However, this requires that appropriate considera tions be adhered to sustain the program. Even as its timeline concludes, the program is expected to remain in the operation to enable the members of the society to continue demanding their rights if no actions would not have been taken at the time of its conclusion. The activists groups in the regions will be required to continue with the efforts of pressing the government to provide good services to its people. An agreement will be sealed between the two to ensure that this is not breached by setting a sub branch of the organization in every sub-region, which will work under the umbrella of the activist movement. This unit’s mandate will be to ensure that the campaign is alive. The government will be compelled to provide these services to its members without relenting. The important thing is to ensure that, in all programs and policies, government policies are in tandem with the objective of eradicating poverty besides ensuring that all Mississippi people in extreme poverty are attended well. The mouthpiece of the group will be the activists who will continue demanding the support of the extremely poor from the government. They will also be voicing the demands and other needs of the people. Furthermore, the organization will develop a strategic plan that will be implemented and administered by the units that will be left in the sub-regions of Mississippi to ensure that cases of extreme poverty are eradicated. In the strategic plan, members will be in the sub-regions to ensure that the US implements policies appropriately to meet any challenges that may result in the course of the advocacy campaigns. In addition, to be sustainable, there is the need for the provision of financial aids to ensure that the activities of the organization go on smoothly. The people carrying out this agenda require funds for their own sustainability as well as the sustainability of the program. A budget plan will be drafted to cover for some years that the organization will o perate in Mississippi. Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is a non-profit organization whose grants will be apportioned to cover the financial expenses that will come after the duration expires. Those organizations or individuals who may have the same vision may also donate funds for the organization to help it in furthering its objectives and goals. These funds will be channeled in a special account aimed at sustaining the program. The funds will only be used for the purposes of sustaining the program. No person will be entitled to withdraw money from the account without the authority of the management. Program Budget A specialist group in budget drafting will be required to come up with a budget that will cover all the expenses that the organization will incur in its operations in the five Mississippi sub-regions. Because most of the members of the organization are substantial, and thus not entitled to salary, this will play a great deal in helping the organ ization save on its expenditures. They will only be given a small token as an appreciation and encouragement for them to work hard to ensure that these changes are effected in the organization. The trainers, team managers, and supervisor will require salaries to enable them execute their duties. This will be included in the budget. Furthermore, expenses to be incurred in traveling will be factored in the budget to ensure that the activities of the organization run smoothly. The management will come together to debate on the required budget. The whole budget for ensuring that the campaign runs on smoothly until the end is expected to cost 1177700 US dollars. The funds will be used appropriately to ensure that the campaign succeeds. The amount of money that will be channeled to each of the five sub-regions of Mississippi will be 235540USD. This budget is divided into equal measures because populations affected by abject poverty are equal. The detailed budget is as below Activity Bu dget Total Securing work stations in 5 sub-regions in Mississippi 8000*5USD 40000USD Purchasing of working instruments (Vehicles and Computers) 120000USD 120000USD Paying rent for each for 5 years 1500*5*5USD 37500USD Baseline Evaluation of the program 552000USD 552000USD End line Evaluation of the program 552000USD 552000USD Training 8000USD 8000USD Salary for 5 years 225000USD 225000USD Working station support for continued campaign after the 5thyear 60000USD 60000USD Miscellaneous 80000USD 80000USD Total 1177700USD Reference List Associated Press. (2011). Nearly one in four People in Mississippi living below Poverty  line as Rates Rise in Almost every state. Retrieved from dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2051700/Nearly-people-Mississippi-poverty-rates-rise-EVERY-state.html Fact Sheet. (2011). Sexually Transmitted Diseases Fact Sheet 2011 Mississippi. Retrieved from http://msdh.ms.gov/msdhsite/_static/resources/4695.pdf Hansen, S. (2012). What Can Mississipp i Learn from Iran? Retrieved from  www.nytimes.com/2012/07/29/magazine/what-can-mississippis-health-care-system-learn-from-iran.html?pagewanted=all Kaiser, H. (2009). Mississippi has eighth Highest HIV Rate among Young Adults in  Nation. Retrieved from medicalnewstoday.com/releases/158394.php Magubane, Z. (2008). The American Construction of the Poor White Problem.  South Atlantic Quarterly, 107(4), 691-713. United States Department of Agriculture. (2007). Poverty in Mississippi. Retrieved from usm.edu/poverty/temp_parts/Mahlet/poverty_in_mississippi.html US Census Bureau. (2012). Mississippi Has Highest Poverty and Lowest Income. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2012/09/20/news/economy/income-states-poverty/index.html Appendix I Poverty-Free Mississippi Certification Preference will be given to any initiative/organization/business that has poverty-fighting programs. In accordance with section 25(2)(a) of Mississippi statutes, any two or more competitive appeals made to the state for procurement of goods or contractual services can be strongly attractive in terms of cost, value, and services. Therefore, any application received from a business/initiative that manifests that it has implemented any poverty-free plan successfully shall be chosen as the most preferred for the award of carrying out the task. However, to have a poverty-free Mississippi initiative, an organization shall: Engage all the US media platforms (TVs, Radios, and Print) for a three-week awareness campaign on the need for the US government to save the poverty-stricken Mississippi people Inform the US government on the need to have all illiterate children in Mississippi taken to schools free of charge to improve literacy levels of Mississippi state Impose a stern fine to any parent denying his/her child(ren) the free education specified in II Make a tireless effort, assisted by the US government, to uplift the standards of Mississippi state by establishing appropriate laws and regula tions that will help make the Mississippi dream a reality Appendix II Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative Chart