The Significance of the Gracchi - 1582 Words

The Significance of the Gracchi When Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus sought to establish the liberty of the common people and expose the crimes of the oligarchs, the guilty nobles took fright and opposed their proceedings by every means at their disposal - Cicero. The Gracchi brothers were clearly well intentioned men who had the interests of Rome at heart, instead of their own, which was a common attitude amongst the other senators. The reforms of the Gracchi were long over-due and their programs were genuine attempts to deal with Romes problems. During the Gracchis existence, Rome was facing a number of social, political and economic problems. They were frustrated with the conservatism and selfishness of the oligarchy and so adopted†¦show more content†¦There was a military crisis, with lack of eligible recruits for the legions, aggravated by the Spanish and Sicilian wars. There was tension in the oligarchy between leading factions (Claudii / Sempronii and the Scipios) as they struggled for political superio rity. And amongst all these problems was the failure of the ruling nobility within the senate to deal with these problems. In order to determine the significance of both Gracchi, one must examine both Tiberius and Gaius actions and the effects they had at the time. In 133, Tiberius Gracchus attempted to solve Romes problems, specifically the land crisis. He introduced the Lex Agraria, a bill for land reform, which proposed that a commission of three people should allocate small holdings of land owned by the state (ager publicus) to landless citizens. The bill was met with great controversy, however, it wasnt the content of the bill that provoked the reaction, rather the means with which it was proposed. As Stockton notes It ceased to be a struggle about the rights and wrongs of a particular land bill and became a fundamental question about the true nature of Roman politics. Tiberius met great opposition to the bill itself because the ruling Nobiles were those benefiting the most from the current situation. Therefore, Tiberius used his tribunate in an unprecedented manner, and in proposing his bill, bypas sed the senate going directly toShow MoreRelatedTiberius Sempronius Gracchus Essay1730 Words   |  7 Pagesits full extent. To a few of us here today, this is a solemn and most momentous occasion. Today I will be critically analysing and assessing the significance of three key areas which have been the crux of historical debate for centuries. Today I will be touching on Tiberius family background, education, and early career to 134BC, the aims and significance of Gracchus lex agraria and Gracchus political reforms and methods. Let me tell you about Gracchus background. Plutarch tells us a lot aboutRead MoreThe Gracchi Brothers Essay1792 Words   |  8 Pagescheck. The Gracchi brothers grew up during a time when the Roman Empire was still under civil unrest. The Roman people were divided, lands were unevenly distributed, the government was disorderly, patriotism ceased to exist, and slave labor made it harder for citizens to uproot themselves from poverty. Tiberius, the elder brother, was the first to bring up the agrarian laws, and was followed after his death by his younger brother, Gaius Gracchus. The brothers knew of the significance of winningRead MoreEssay ROME IN THE AUGUSTINIAN AGE1775 Words   |  8 Pagestaken when assessing this source as it is Octavian’s own account of what happened, and so is obviously extremely biased, aiming to portray himself and his achievements as he wanted them to be remembered. Regardless of the time period the significance of Octavians actions are c lear. He gave up his powers and returned absolute authority in the provinces as well as his control of the legions that were sanctioned there. (Antiquity 2 Interpreting The Past) This was significant as these legionsRead MoreThe Capitol And Administrative Center Of Darius Massive Empire2518 Words   |  11 PagesShane Holstien p.7 CH 7-12 TT Ch.7 terms 1. Medes pg. 160 A group of Indo-European language speaking people who migrated to Persia Significance- Not only did they show the Indo-European migrations, they set the foundation for the later great Achaemenid empire. 2. Persepolis pg. 162 The capitol and administrative center of Darius massive empire. Significance- The biggest city to exist at the time wit the most complex governing, city structure, and buildings of the era, a massive monument to DariusRead MoreRome in The Age of Augustus2208 Words   |  9 Pagesinformation from this source as it is Octavian’s own account of what happened, and so is obviously extremely biased, aiming to portray both himself and his achievements, in the way he wanted them to be remembered. Regardless of the time period, the significance of Octavians actions are clear. He gave up his powers and returned absolute authority in the provinces as well as his control of the legions that were sanctioned there. (Antiquity 2 Interpreting The Past) This was significant as these legionsRead More The Politics of Caesar Augustus Essays2631 Words   |  11 Pagesseriously and re-established religious rites and ceremonies that had been neglected. This relates to how he tried to restore respect for the senate by removing unworthy members and revitalis ing the governing body. Finally H. H. Scullard From the Gracchi To Nero tells us how in 27 BC Augustus met with the Senate on the 13th of January, and proceeded to renounce all his emergency powers, and give them back to the Senate and the people of Rome. He was then begged to take the position back, and becameRead MorePolitical Behaviour Impact to Leadership Excellence11497 Words   |  46 Pagesmission, be he conservative or radical in relation to the ideas of the existing political leaders. He therefore prospers on mass support and only belatedly receives adherents from among the established leaders. Such was the experience of men like the Gracchi of ancient Rome, Cola de Rienzi of medieval Rome, Savonarola of Renaissance Florence, St. Francis, Cromwell of the English Commonwealth, Robespierre of Revolutionary France, Napoleon I, Mussolini of Fascist Italy, Gandhi of India, and Hitler of Nazi

Cohabitation Is Defined As A Man And Woman Living

Abstract Cohabitation is defined as a man and woman living in the same household and having sexual relations while not being married. There is relatively little data on health outcomes for people who have cohabitated, although there is some evidence that cohabitating couples have lower incomes (15% of cohabitating men are jobless while 8% of married men are jobless) and there may be negative academic effects for children of cohabitating mothers (Jay, 2012). Cohabitation rates are highest among those who have never married with just over a quarter of people surveyed reporting cohabitation before their first marriage (Jay, 2012). Of these, half reported that they expected their cohabitation to end in marriage; about one quarter to one third of cohabitations end either in marriage or dissolution of the relationship within 3 years (Jay, 2012). Further, cohabitation rates are highest for those who have not completed college, accounting for all but 12% of men and women reporting that they are livi ng with their partners (Jay, 2012). Cohabitation and marriage are two significant decisions college students will make, but very little is known about what college students think about living together before marriage. Given the nearly 50% divorce rate in the United States (Jay, 2012), understanding how young adults view cohabitation as on option for life relationships needs further investigation. Beliefs about Living Together Before Marriage Research Paper Introduction:Show MoreRelatedEssay Cohabitation, Marriage, and Divorce1239 Words   |  5 Pages1.0 Introduction Cohabitation is and has been a norm in almost all societies in the world. It has been perceived as the stepping stone to marriage by the modern generation. In Whitman, (2003), cohabitation has grown so widely that there is one cohabiting couple out of 7 marriages in 2010 as compared to 1 out of 90 marriages in 1960. According to her, the attitude towards the whole of marriage institution has changed drastically over time. In the same article, currently in the US, of 3 single womenRead MoreCohabitation and Its Effect on Rise in Divorce Rate1117 Words   |  5 PagesEffect of Cohabitation on the Rising Divorce Rate The rise of the divorce rate seems to be due to the lack of commitment or understanding of love and longevity in a marriage. Cohabitation can be defined as an arrangement whereby two people decide to live together on a long term or permanent basis in an emotionally and /or sexually intimate relationship (Brannon 2008). Cohabitation is seen as the best way to understand a prospective mate in terms of living and financial stabilityRead MoreThe Vs. Mohammad Khan1615 Words   |  7 PagesIn the cases which were instituted prior to independence like A Dinohamy v. WL Blahamy the Privy Council laid down a broad rule stating that, â€Å"where a man and a women are proved to have lived together as a man and wife, the law will presume, unless the contrary be clearly proved, that they were living together in consequence of a valid marriage and not in a state of â€Å"concubinage† The same principle was reiterated in the case of Mohabhat Ali v. Mohammad Ibrahim Khan After independence, a notableRead MoreDivorce And Its Definition Of Marriage978 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage is ending often in divorce due to marrying young, the expectations placed on it, living together before marriage, and women’s independence. In this research paper, I will be discussing divorce and its definition. I will also discuss what sociologist theorists are saying regarding divorce in the research that I’ve read and reviewed. It is interesting to see how the reason for divorce continues to change but as society sees fit with their definition of marriage, divorce, and even whatRead MoreWhy Do Couples Move On Before Marriage?1331 Words   |  6 PagesWhy do couples move in before marriage? Cohabitation can be defined as when two people are in a committed relationship that decide to live together and play the role of a married couple but they are not legally married. When a couple has been together for a long time the relationship grows to become stronger and you get comfortable with your significant other, therefore couples tend to skip the step of marriage because they get use to the routine of being together that they decide to move in withoutRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Cohabitation Before Marriage1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Pros and Cons of Cohabitation before Marriage Introduction Social scientists have defined cohabitation as a situation where two adults, male and female live together in a relationship that is intimate and non-marital. The two make living arrangements without legal bounds to stay together before getting married. In most of the countries and in this case in the United States, cohabitation is a common feature among the American family life (Stokes Raley, n.d). It has become a typical pathway toRead MoreAnalysis Of Andrew J. Cherlin s American Marriage946 Words   |  4 Pageshow marriage in America is evolving from the universal marriage. Cherlin’s definition of the universal marriage in his essay is the man is the breadwinner of the household and the woman is the homemaker. In the 20th century according to Cherlin, the meaning of marriage has been altered such as the changing division of labor, childbearing outside of marriage, cohabitation, gay marriage and the result of long- term cultural and material trends (1154). During the fir st transition of marriage, Cherlin discussesRead MoreThe Decline Of The Nuclear Family1084 Words   |  5 Pagesbecame synonymous with the American dream philosophy in the mid-1940s. The nuclear family standard is rapidly on the decline in the United States. These declining number have a range of causes. The causes of the decline of the nuclear family are cohabitation, childfree couples, high divorces rates, and the introduction of LGBTQ families. The effects are increased self-fulfillment, serial monogamy, childhood psychological trauma and family diversity. Gay and lesbian marriages primarily cause the nuclearRead MoreMarriage and Cohabitation13809 Words   |  56 Pages 1.2 What is Cohabitation CHAPTER TWO – ORIGIN OF MARRIAGE 2.1 Types of Marriage 2.2 Justification of Marriage 2.3 Christian Perspective of Marriage 2.4 Advantages and dis-advantages of Marriage CHAPTER THREE – ORIGIN OF COHABITATION 3.1 Types of Cohabitation 3.2 Justification of Cohabitation 3.3 Christian perspective of Cohabitation 3.4 Advantages and dis- advantages of Cohabitation CHAPTER FOUR – MARRIAGE AND COHABITATION 4.1 Relationship between Marriage and Cohabitation 4.2 Comparison ofRead MoreDescribe Ways in Which Concept of Family Has Changed Across Cultures and over Time (Sociology)1442 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States, Canada and Northern Europe families has changed the most, now Nuclear families are dominating there, when in Asia Extended families still takes a greater number. In the richest places in the world numbers of same sex marriages, cohabitations, divorces significantly increasing, when in most less developed countries these things are forbidden and relatives still arrange their children marriages, or even force their children to get married to someone they want to. Everyone imagines

Exemplification Essay Free Essays

Exemplification Essay I once heard a story about a restaurant manager named Jerry. Jerry was the type of guy that always was in a good mood no matter what. He was a natural motivator. We will write a custom essay sample on Exemplification Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now When one of his employees would come in hating life he would be help them to look on the positive side of the situation. One of his other employees was curious, so one day he went up to Jerry and asked, â€Å"I don’t get it man, how can you be in a good positive mood all of the time. How do you do it? † Jerry replied, â€Å"Each morning I get up and I have a decision to make: to be in a good mood or to be in a bad mood. I choose to be in a good one. Every time something bad happens I can choose blame it on myself or I can choose to learn from the situation. † â€Å"It’s not that easy. † The employee protested. â€Å"Yeah it is. † Jerry said. â€Å"Life is all about the choices that you make and how you handle them, you choose to be in a good mood or to be in a bad mood. Bottom line: Attitude is everything. † The employee reflected on Jerry’s example. Later he left the restaurant business to start a business of his own. He lost touch with Jerry but would often use his teachings in his everyday choices in his life. A number of years later he heard that Jerry had left the back door open to his restaurant and he was robbed at gunpoint. While Jerry was opening the safe he was shaking and he slipped. One of the robbers, on edge, shot Jerry and they scurried away. Luckily, he wasn’t lying out for too long for an ambulance to come rush Jerry to the hospital; Jerry survived. Six months after the robbery the old employee met up with Jerry and had asked him about the incident. Jerry replied, â€Å"The Paramedics in the Ambulance were great. They kept on telling me that I was going to be fine until they handed me over to the doctors, that’s when I got worried. The doctors and the nurses eyes read that I was a dead man, not likely to survive. A nurse asked, â€Å"Do you have any allergies? †. I had a choice to make, to live or to die, to be in a good mood or a bad mood. â€Å"Yes† I replied to the nurse. The doctors stopped what they were doing waiting for my answer. â€Å"Bullets! † During their laughter they I told them â€Å"I’m not dead yet, make sure I don’t die. † Jerry lived by the outstanding skill of the doctors, but also due to his attitude. On July 19, 2011 my dad taught me the greatest lesson that I could ever be taught. Every year my paternal side of the family has a reunion in Capitol Reef National park, Southern Utah. My dad came up with the idea that we should leave a couple days earlier and ride our road bikes ahead of the rest of the family. Knowing me, he knew I was â€Å"in†. I just had had a friend move in with me because his family moved to Kentucky and he wanted to finish his senior year at our high school. He joined us on the ride. We started to do some training rides to get ready for the two hundred mile trek of which we were about to embark. July 19: woke up, ate a banana and oatmeal, got dressed in biking gear, took the first pedal and off we went. There were two different routes we could have taken: east of the lake or west of the lake. We chose to go west to avoid the traffic and the higher risk. When we reached the west side of the lake there was a head wind, so we started to draft off of each other. Every five minutes we would rotate who was in lead. It was my turn to lead, my dad following me, and my friend Kallen following him. Kallen’s headphones fell out of his ears and got wrapped up in his front wheels. While drafting he reached down to clear the remains of his headphones and his arm got sucked into the spokes which made him flip over the handle bars. I didn’t notice over the sound of my music that he had crashed but my dad did hear the accident and waved me down to go back. We frantically signaled a car down. A nice lady stepped out and offered to take Kallen to the hospital. My dad and I continued on our way. We reached the other side of the lake and I got a flat tire, which was my second for the day and I was already upset that we lost Kallen. We patched the flat and continued on our ride. Anger was just bottling up inside of me as we entered the next town. When we arrived we sat down to eat. It was about 3 o’clock and we still had seventy miles to go which added to my anger. After lunch we rode over to a park to use the public bathrooms. I take a short cut through a little dirt field. I used the restroom and hopped back on my bike to begin riding again and my tire was flat, again. â€Å"AHHH! †, I screamed. We went and sat on the grass to patch it. My attitude has not only has affected me, but has affected my dad too. â€Å"You better get in a better mood† he said†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦because you are acting like a little baby. You have a choice to make; be in a good mood or a bad one, because we are going to finish this ride whether you want to or not. † I was shocked. My dad had never talked to me like that before. I realized that attitude is everything. We rode into the dark that night till we reached one hundred and twenty miles and the next day we biked the remaining 80 and made it to Capitol Reef. July 19 is my birthday. It had to have been the worst but also the best birthday that I have ever had. Your attitude towards something can change your life. Whether it is as big as saving your life or as small as changing your mood such as finishing a biking trip with your dad. It will stick with you and make you a better person and a happy person. Bottom line: Attitude is Everything. How to cite Exemplification Essay, Essays Exemplification Essay Free Essays Cultural Misinterpretations A stereotype is a predisposed idea about a group of people based on limited information you have heard or seen and assumed to be true about every individual in that group. In â€Å"Don’t Call Me a Hot Tamale,† Judith Ortiz Cofer describes how being Puerto Rican affects her every day. People make rude comments about her, based on her ethnicity, and without knowing her. We will write a custom essay sample on Exemplification Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cofer describes how she was stereotyped in different situations. From being compared to a Latina character in a play to having her culture misinterpreted. She does not fight against this prevaricate ideas. Instead, she travels around the United States and reads from her books and poetry trying to clear stereotypes about Latinos. As Cofer describe â€Å"replace them with a more interesting set of realities† (Cofer 666). However, individuals are still being exaggerated categorized according to their culture. First, similar to how Cofer was compared to a character from the West Side Stories, popular Asian characters in movies also create stereotypes for Asian Americans. In Cofer’s essay she describes a man who walked up to her and sang the lyrics to a popular song from the West Side Story play. This image of a character from a play may be the only thing that this man can associate with the Latino culture. As she puts it, â€Å"†¦ to him, I was just a character in his universe of ‘others’ † (Cofer 666). A similar problem exists for Asian Americans in the United States. For example, most popular movies with Asian actors in Hollywood are Kung Fu performers and are usually playing a role as Kung Fu masters. For instance, Bruce Lee made many Kung Fu movies. Another famous Asian actor Jackie Chan was also in many action movies. Moreover, Kung Fu originated in Asia which makes people expect that all Asians must know Kung Fu. The image of a Kung Fu artist is assumed to be true for all Asian Americans resulting in a stereotype that all Asians know Kung Fu. Secondly, Cofers island culture was misinterpreted as a stereotype. Cofer describes that to beat the heat women usually dress with less clothing. However, people outside of that culture misinterpret that fashion as a way to attract attention. Similarly, there is a concept in Spain about a Siesta. A Siesta is a ten to twenty minute nap that is supposed to improve productivity. This cultural act has been characterized for all Latinos. Moreover, there is a common picture that shows an example of a sleeping Mexican on a cactus. This image, as well as the act of a Siesta has been overstated to stereotype that all Mexicans are lazy. However, if that were true I would not be writing this essay because I am Latino. Also, they are categorized as lazy individuals because they do not continue to obtain higher education. However, the reason Latinos cannot afford going to school because they do not have enough money. But others misjudged Latinos to be lazy even though they do not have the equalities as a citizen of the United States. In the end, the misinterpretation of culture is still at broad. For example, American culture creates such categories for all Asian Americans. For instance, the Asian American hiring in Hollywood has led to stereotypes that all Asians know Kung Fu. Everything seen on the media seems to also create stereotypes about Asians. Then, the cultural act of napping in Spain led to the stereotype that all Latinos are lazy. Island culture and fashion resulted in the label that all women are whores. Although these categories about people have reasons for existing, they are not true for all members of the group. It may be difficult to fight these stereotypes but we need get to know each other and prove that these stereotypes are just assumptions. Stereotypes create barriers for people to get to know each other. When someone relies on stereotypes they assume to know information about all members of that culture and never learn about the details of the individuals. How to cite Exemplification Essay, Essay examples

Impact of Human Rights Act

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Human Rights Act. Answer: The Human Rights Act 1998 was enacted by the British parliament in the year 1998 but actually was bought into force in the year 2000. The main purpose of the enactment was to introduce the rights provided by the European Convention on Human Rights into the English legal system. Making it simple the purpose of the act is to prevent any government body to operate in a manner contradictory to the provisions of the convention[1]. The provisions of the act can only be overridden if any other primary legislation contradicts with such provisions. It provides that the English courts must uses the decisions made by the European Court of Human rights and interpret legislations in such a way, which would establish compliance with the convention. In case where the judges find it, impossible to interpret the provisions of legislations according to the compatibility with the convention the judges must not override the provisions of the legislations but merely provide a declaration of incompatibili ty. Thus, the declaration seeks to maintain the parliamentary sovereignty by not altering the principles of the primary legislation. The HRA also provides individual a right to appeal and sue in the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. The Act since it has come to force has had a significant impact on the British legal system. It has changed the way in which legislations are interpreted by the judges. Although it is argued that, the Act seeks to promote Judicial Politicization in reality this statement is far from true. This paper discusses the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on the English legal system and whether it is increasing the risk of judicial politicization within the country or not. The paper also aims to discuss the benefits and detriments resulting out of the application of the act and its impact of the interpretation of statues[2]. The Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) was enforced on 2nd October, 2000 in United Kingdom. The Act was enacted with the sole objective to safeguard the rights incorporated in the European Convention on Human Rights and to provide further legal effect in the law of United Kingdom. Before the enactment of the HRA, the European Convention on Human Rights was not under any obligation to provide legal effect to the rights. The Convention was used as a part of the domestic law and it acted as a mean to interpret statutes[3]. The Parliament did not legislate against the rights laid down in the Convention. In Waddington v Miah [1974][4], it was held that while interpreting the ambiguity of any statutory provision, it was assumed that the Parliament should not pass any legislation, which shall be inconsistent with the international obligations including the human rights laid down in the Convention. However, prior to the enforcement of the HRA 1998, the citizens resorted to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) for safeguarding their human rights. The incorporation of the Act was viewed to be beneficial as it permitted the British Judges to manipulate the course of human rights in Strasbourg. The Act was purported to develop a culture of human rights in the nation. However, the Act failed to fulfill the purpose for which it was enacted. Instead of permitting, the UK Judges to manipulate the human rights direction or developing human rights culture in UK or internationally, the Act was largely criticized by the public[5]. One of the reasons the Act faced criticism was section 2 of the HRA 1998. Section 2(1) of the Act stated that in order to determine any question related to the rights in the Convention, the judgment, declaration, decision and the advisory opinion of the ECtHR must be taken into consideration to the extent that it is relevant to the legal proceedings from the question it has arisen. The public criticized the legislation, as it was apparent that the UK courts have to consider the Strasbourg law and not the ECtHR statutory interpretation of the Convention. The Parliament reassured that the provision under section 2(1) of the Act does not require the UK courts to consider the Strasbourgs decision but respect Strasbourg jurisprudence as was held by the House of Lords in Regina (Ullah) v Special Adjudicator [2004][6]. Secondly, Section 3 of the Act expressly stated that primary and subordinate legislation must be interpreted in a manner that is in consistent with the rights laid down in the Convention, as far as it is possible to do the same. The provision was criticized for the fact that HRA 1988 is a broad legislation and the provisions therein are not in detail form as compared to the other legal statutes. Consequently, the Judges had an extensive area to apply their discretion. Section 3 of the Act have restricted the courts power to interpret the statutes as they are to be construed only in the manner that is in compliance with the rights mentioned in the Convention as far as it is possible to do so. However, in realty, the Parliament has provided the judiciary sufficient freedom to interpret statutes even when it becomes impossible to construe the same in a manner that is in consistent with the rights mentioned in the Convention[7]. The provision is ambiguous as it vaguely states the possibl e limits of interpretation by the British Judges. In Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza [2002][8], it was stated that the court may be required to interpret beyond the legislative intent of the Parliament. Thirdly, section 4 of the HRA permits the domestic Courts to issue a Declaration of Incompatibility, that is, when the interpretation of a statute is not compatible with the rights laid down in the Convention. This provision of the Act safeguards the Parliamentary sovereignty principle. The section enables the courts to issue declaration that it is not possible to interpret the statute in consistent with the rights mentioned in the Convention as stipulated under section 3 of the Act. In cases where the statutes are construed in contrary to the rights of the conventions, such construing of the statutes comes into conflict with the intention of the legislature. Only the courts having superior authority can issue a Declaration of Incompatibility. However, the incompatibility declaration do not bind the parties to the legal proceedings neither such a declaration can make the legislation invalid. In Burden V United Kingdom [2008][9], the declaration did not prove to be an effective remedy . The purpose of the section cannot be achieved by lawful means but by political means. The section has restricted the independence of the judiciary as Parliament is empowered to legislate in case the interpretation is inconsistent with the Convention rights[10]. Fourthly, section 10 empowers the minister of the government the power to provide a remedial order in response to the declaration of incompatibility or any ruling passed by the ECtHR. The minister to remove any such necessary incompatibility must pass the remedial order. The order is passed in order to make the legislation consistent with the rights mentioned in the Convention even if it is required to frame a completely new legislation. Fifthly, section 6 of the Act stipulates that tribunals and courts be considered as public bodies, which denotes that the judgment made must be in compliance with the human rights of the nation irrespective of the fact that the dispute is between the citizens or between the citizens and the state except the incompetent declarations made by the Judges. Lastly, section 8 stipulates that a court is empowered to make such necessary rectifications which they consider to be appropriate and fair. The right of the judges to make the necessary remedies is not restricted to a Declaration of Incompatibility. The judges may consider the equality maxim while providing such necessary remedies. On one hand, the legal framework of the HRA brings about a significant contrast between the relationships of the domestic courts with the Parliament, whereas on the other hand, it signifies the contrast between the relationships of the domestic courts with Strasbourg Court. For instance, section 4 recognizes the supremacy of Parliament because if any interpretation is made which is inconsistent with the Convention rights, the Domestic courts can only issue an incompatible declaration[11]. It is for the Parliament to decide what action can be taken to identify the issue raised by the domestic court. If the Parliament expresses its views clearly then the domestic courts are under obligation to give effect to the legislative intention of the Parliament. Several times, the public often alleges the courts that the decisions are often influenced by political reasons instead of legal reasons. The Courts alleged to illicitly contravene the limits of the constitutional law and intrude in the politics to the disadvantage of the government and the Parliament. This feature of the judiciary is sometimes termed as judicial politicization[12]. The ECtHR is encouraging the judges to become more politicized as a result of which the significance of national sovereignty is coming down. Before the enactment of the act, court were allowed to use the Convention rights as a tool for construing statutes and the Parliaments act was not apparent. After the enactment, the courts are under an obligation to interpret the statutes in compliance with the Convention Rights. The role of the judges has been critically assessed whether it was the judges or the Parliament that was legislating laws. Although the Judges are not adherent to politics but they deal with certain cases especially policy related decisions, which in a democratic country, must be made by the parliament. The main argument against the implementation of the HRA is that its aims to tilt the balance of power in the favor of the judges. If the judges are brought into politics the way in which they are appointed would be questioned by the people. The decision made by the judges and the political position of the potential judges would come under public scrutiny as the case has been in America[13]. Various senior judges have dismissed the fear of the critiques with respect to the implementation of human rights in the English legal system. The chief justice of England and Wales lord Woolf said that the implementation of the HRA would not at all politicize the judges. Moreover, the judges will now have a more difficult role as they would need to address complicated questions with respect to human rights compliance consisting of political elements. The judges always addressed these questions but after the implementation of the Act, they would have to deal with them more often[14]. The best counter argument to the critiques in relation to the implementation of HRA is that the act does not allow the judges top override the primary principles of other legislations and as a result maintains the parliamentary supremacy. The act only tells the judges to make their interpretation with respect to the provisions compatible to the convention as far as it is possible for them to do so without hampering the principle of the legislation. The judges have no power to change the legislation and declare it as unconventional on any grounds. The government minister can also only change the legislation without waiting for a new enactment when the judges of a higher court have declared the legislation unconstitutional[15]. The question, which arises due to this, is that how often and to what extent the ministers can use such powers. According to Lord Woolf, the parliament would continue to use such powers, as its objective would be to ensure the compliance with the European conven tion. Contradictory to this statement it was provided by Lord Irvin that the parliament will not always strive to change legislations according to judges declaration of incompatibility and there would be cases where the parliament would not make changes to the legislations. Thus, the answer to the question is still unclear. Statutory interpretation is done by the court in order to bring out the intention of the parliament. The court is not concerned about the ability of the parliament with respect to providing a fair and just result in relation to the parties to the dispute. It only mains to interpret the provisions provided by the parliament using different rules such as the literal, golden and mischief rule of interpretation. This aspect of interpretation of statues may sometimes lead to an unfair result, which is against the provisions in relation to human rights. The Constitution clearly identifies human rights as one of the main pillars of democracy therefore; there was a significant need to address the issue. The implementation of the HRA has provided a tool to the judges to interpret the legislations in a manner, which provide a result in compliance to human rights. It can be argued in this case that the political background of the judges may influence the decision made by them and the results ob tained would be according to their personal perspective not the legal perspective[16]. However, it has to be noted in this case that judges are not able to alter the meaning of the legislations according to their own perspective and can only alter it to the extent that it does not contradict the provisions of the primary legislation. The inclusion of HR in relation to statutory interpretation has made the legal system of UK a better place. This can be best illustrated by through the case of Mr and Mrs Driscoll. In this case the husband and wife were dependant on one another as one was blind and the other could not walk. They both lived together and compensated for the disabilities of each other. The husband was moved to a care home but the wife was not allowed as she lacked criteria. It was decided on the basis of human rights that the wife must also be allowed. It has been argued against the implementation of HRA that is is providing excessive rights to the individuals[17]. A student who has not been allowed into the class room is claiming compensation, a person committing rape is claiming compensation as an appeal made by him had been delayed and individuals who have obtained sites contradicting the planning provisions are being allowed to retain their premises. However, they did not take account of the fact that even if individuals are claiming rights in excess none of the claims, which are irrelevant, are being upheld by the court. All the above-mentioned claims in relation to the human rights have been rejected by the court. It has been argued against the implementation of HRA that it would lead to suppress the parliamentary supremacy as the judges would find ways to amend legislation in order to bring into effect their own ideologies[18]. However, there have been no evidence provided by the critiques to support this statement. In most of the cases where the judges do not find compatibility with the human rights commissions the court makes sure that it issues a declaration of incompatibility without altering the meaning of the legislation. According to Donnelly that Human Rights Act is not able to provide protection to to rights as the government has the power under Article 15 of the constitution to derogate from the ECHR[19]. Recent court decisions such as in the case of R (ProLife Alliance) v. BBC[2002][20] have been decided on the basis of common law rather than that of the statutory rights. This introduces judicial activism within the legal system. However it has to be noted in favor of the HRA that these cases are rare and common law is only applied when it is not possible to comply with the conventional rights. The following cases depict how the implementation of the HRA has had a positive impact on the English legal system. In the case of Campbell v. MGN Ltd.[2002][21] both Sara Cox and Naomi Campbell wanted to assert under the Act their right to privacy. Both of them were successful in getting their claim with respect to privacy and an amendment was brought by the British parliament to introduce the need of privacy in the legal system. In the case of A and Others v. Secretary of State for the Home Department[2004][22] it was held by the house of lords that the provisions of the part 4 of the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001[23] were not compatible with that of the human rights convention. As a result, the part 4 of the Act had been replaced by the new 2005 amendment. In the case of Price v. Leeds City Council[2005][24] it was held by the court that the right to home with respect to a Romani family could not be infringed by the Leeds council and they could not be evicted from public land. The decision was however referred to the House of Lords as it was contradicting the compliance with ECHR. These cases prove hoe effectively the implementation of the HRA is being going on in UK. Concluding the paper it can be determined that amidst several criticisms the implementation of HRA had brought a revolutionary change in the English Legal System. The act had been enacted perfectly with respect to creating a balance between common law and human rights. Prima faice it can be stated that the HRA provides excessive rights to the individuals, increased power to the judiciary, risk of judicial politicization, favor to the terrorist, unlawful interpretation of statues and inadequacy. However an in depth analysis of the impact of HRA on the English legal system prove that its benefits to the society override its detriments. The implementation of the Act do not affect the the parliamentary supremacy as Sections clearly state that the provisions can only be interpreted in a way which does not make the inconsistent to the principles of the legislation. The purpose of law is to provide justice and maintain equality and not to punish the innocent on technical grounds. The implementation of the HRA ensures that there is no detriment caused to the innocent party and justice along with the principles of equality is used when deciding a point of law. Thus, the paper can be concluded by saying that HRA has had a positive impact on the English Legal System without introducing the risk of judicial politicization. References and Bibliography Blauberger, Michael, and R. Daniel Kelemen. "Can courts rescue national democracy? Judicial safeguards against democratic backsliding in the EU."Journal of European Public Policy(2016): 1-16. Canes-Wrone, Brandice. "When judges face politicized reelections, their opinions on hot-button issues change to reflect the majority view."LSE American Politics and Policy(2014). Clapham, Andrew.Human rights: a very short introduction. OUP Oxford, 2015. Clapham, Andrew.Human rights: a very short introduction. OUP Oxford, 2015. 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Ziegler, Katja S., Elizabeth Wicks, and Loveday Hodson, eds.The UK and European Human Rights: A Strained Relationship?. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015. Johns, Robert.Using the law in social work. Learning Matters, 2014. Waddington v Miah [1974] UKHL 6, 138 JP 497, 59 Cr App Rep 149, [1974] 2 All ER 377, [1974] 1 WLR 683 Clapham, Andrew.Human rights: a very short introduction. OUP Oxford, 2015. Regina (Ullah) v Special Adjudicator [2004] UKHL 26. Stone, Richard.Textbook on civil liberties and human rights. Textbook on, 2014. Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza [2002] EWCA Civ 1533; [2004] UKHL 30 Burden V United Kingdom 13378/05, [2008] ECHR 357, Times 07-May-2008, [2008] 18 EG 126 Delaney, Erin. "Searching for constitutional meaning in institutional design: The debate over judicial appointments in the United Kingdom."International Journal of Constitutional Law14.3 (2016): 752-768. Blauberger, Michael, and R. Daniel Kelemen. "Can courts rescue national democracy? Judicial safeguards against democratic backsliding in the EU."Journal of European Public Policy(2016): 1-16. Canes-Wrone, Brandice. "When judges face politicized reelections, their opinions on hot-button issues change to reflect the majority view."LSE American Politics and Policy(2014). Schoultz, Lars.Human Rights and United States Policy toward Latin America. Princeton University Press, 2014. Conte, Alex, and Richard Burchill.Defining civil and political rights: The jurisprudence of the United Nations Human Rights Committee. Routledge, 2016. Stone, Richard.Textbook on civil liberties and human rights. Textbook on, 2014. Sriram, Chandra Lekha, Olga Martin-Ortega, and Johanna Herman.War, conflict and human rights: theory and practice. Routledge, 2014. Hann, Matt. "Introduction."Egalitarian Rights Recognition. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. 1-15. Mullerson, Rein.Human rights diplomacy. Routledge, 2014. Donnelly, Jack.Universal human rights in theory and practice. Cornell University Press, 2013. R (ProLife Alliance) v. BBC[2002] EWCA Civ 297 Campbell v. MGN Ltd.[2002] EWCA Civ 1373 A and Others v. Secretary of State for the Home Department[2004]UKHL 56 Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 Price v. Leeds City Council[2005]